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72nd Graduation Ceremony: CoNAS presents 268 graduands with a record 17 PhDs

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The 72nd graduation ceremony of Makerere University has kicked off today, 23rd May 2022 with the Colleges of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) and Health Sciences as well as the School of Law presenting students for the award of degrees and diplomas in various disciplines.

The graduation ceremony presided over by the Chancellor, Prof. Ezra Suruma was graced by the President of the Republic of Uganda, H.E. Yoweri Kaguta Tibuhaburwa Museveni and the First Lady, also Minister of Education and Sports, Hon. Janet Kataaha Museveni.

The Chancellor, Prof. Ezra Suruma delivers his remarks at the first session of the 72nd graduation ceremony on 23rd May 2022
The Chancellor, Prof. Ezra Suruma delivers his remarks at the first session of the 72nd graduation ceremony on 23rd May 2022

During 72nd graduation ceremony that ends on Friday, 27th May 2022, a total of 12,474 graduands will receive degrees and diplomas of Makerere University. Of these, 100 will graduate with PhDs, 1,236 with Masters degrees, 10,998 with Bachelor’s degrees and 140 with undergraduate and postgraduate diplomas. 52 % of the graduands are female and 48 % are male. Forty of the 100 PhD graduands and 492 of the 1,236 Masters graduands are female, representing 40% in each category.

The College of Natural Sciences has presented a total of 268 students including 17 PhDs, 22 Masters (4 female,18 male) and 229 undergraduates (72 female, 157 male). Of these, a total of 5 students (1 female, 4 male) graduated with First Class degrees.  Eight students attained PhD in Mathematics, the highest number of PhD graduates from a single department in the 100-year history of Makerere University. The students were sponsored by the SIDA Bilateral Programme, 2015-2022, project 316 ‘Capacity Building in Mathematics and its Applications. Since 2015, the Project led by Prof. John Mango has sponsored 21 PhD students.

The Minister of Education and Sports, Hon. Janet Kataaha Museveni addressing the graduands. Courtesy Photo: Twitter/@JanetMuseveni
The Minister of Education and Sports, Hon. Janet Kataaha Museveni addressing the graduands. Courtesy Photo: Twitter/@JanetMuseveni

Presenting the graduands, the Principal of CoNAS, Prof. Winston Tumps Ireeta commended Prof. Mango for his invaluable contribution towards research and training in the Department of Mathematics.

 The 17 PhD graduates include; Adaku Christopher, Anywar Godwin, Buttibwa Mary, Eneku John Paul, Inuwa Badamasi, Kito Luliro Silas, Kyomuhangi Annet, Mayanja Edison, Mukisa Ambrose, Ochen William, Opio Peter, Nabawanda Olivia, Nanfuka Mary, Nalule Rebecca, Okello Joseph Omwonylee, and Wamono Felix. 

Mak Council Chairperson Mrs. Lorna Magara (R) hands over a framed certificate to Prof. William Bazeyo (C) in appreciation of his service to Makerere University, during the First Session of the 72nd Graduation on Monday 23rd May 2022 at the Freedom Square. Left is the Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawagwe.
Mak Council Chairperson Mrs. Lorna Magara (R) hands over a framed certificate to Prof. William Bazeyo (C) in appreciation of his service to Makerere University, during the First Session of the 72nd Graduation on Monday 23rd May 2022 at the Freedom Square. Left is the Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe.

Remarks by the President

Speaking at the ceremony, the President of the Republic of Uganda, H.E. Yoweri Kaguta Tibuhaburwa Museveni who attended virtually re-echoed the importance of science in development. “The trigger of social change is science. I appeal to Ugandans and social scientists to understand this. When Africa was colonized, it was not that we lacked Kings, Magicians, Priests, we lacked science. Science was not emphasized. What was emphasized was these other actors. We want to emphasize science because it is the basis of socioeconomic transformation,” he explained, recommitting to facilitate government scientists better. “We have insisted on giving good salaries to Government scientists including science teachers in public Universities and secondary schools. This is not because we have forgotten the social scientists and arts people. This is because we cannot handle all at a go,” he noted.  Additionally, the President emphasized the need for collaborative research. Commenting on security on Campus, he pledged to facilitate the completion of the University Perimeter wall.

The Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe delivering his speech
The Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe delivering his speech

Remarks by the Minister of Education and Sports

Delivering her remarks, the First Lady, also Minister of Education and Sports, Hon. Janet Kataaha Museveni who also attended virtually congratulated the graduands and their parents for the success registered. She thanked the University Management for their commitment in ensuring students attain quality education. “Together with our partners in development, we are still struggling to improve the working conditions, revamp the university infrastructure and to have new curriculum. We are grateful to our partners who have stood with us but most of all the government. We are specifically grateful to the NRM government because it shepherds the Ugandan child from childhood by providing basic health and education services. Government hope is that the Parish Model will empower the family to support the other education requirements of children. As we celebrate 100 years, we thank God for where He has brought us from. From 14 students, the University now has over 3,8000 students. This is no mean achievement. We must stand together. Let nothing divide us in our pursuit to transform the University and country. We should learn to embrace dialogue in conflict resolution,” she noted.  The First Lady appreciated the Government for the enormous investment in research at the University. “Through government processes, we received funding for the construction of a 300-bed teaching hospital. This will greatly improve the teaching infrastructure at the University.”

The Principal of CoNAS, Prof. Tumps Winston Ireeta presents PhD graduands at the first session of the 72nd graduation ceremony held on 23rd May 2022
The Principal of CoNAS, Prof. Tumps Winston Ireeta presents PhD graduands at the first session of the 72nd graduation ceremony held on 23rd May 2022

The Chairperson, Makerere University Council

Addressing graduands, the Chairperson, Makerere University Council, Mrs. Lorna Magara appreciated the Vice Chancellor for the great service rendered to the University for the years he has held the Office. She presented an award to Prof. William Bazeyo, for his exemplary service as Deputy Vice Chancellor, Finance and Administration. During his tenure, Prof. Bazeyo played a tremendous role in soliciting for funding for the University, leading to a reduction of the University debt from UGX120 billion in 2017 to less than UGX 10 billion currently.

Dr. Godwin Anywar, one of the PhD graduates, also a Lecturer at CoNAS
Dr. Godwin Anywar, one of the PhD graduates, also a Lecturer at CoNAS

Remarks by the Chancellor

The Chancellor, Prof. Ezra Suruma appreciated the President and the First Lady, for their exceptional leadership and persistent determination in managing the Covid19 pandemic. “Despite the enormous economic, social and political pressures that you faced, you refused to relent in the face of the havoc of covid19 upon the world in general and Uganda in particular. I believe that your firm stand on vaccination and on preventive lockdown helped to save thousands of lives of Ugandans who would probably have died.” The Chancellor also appreciated the Government of Uganda for the commitment towards advancing research and higher education in the Country.

Dr. Godwin Anywar (L) receiving his doctorate from the Chancellor, Prof. Ezra Suruma (R)
Dr. Godwin Anywar (L) receiving his doctorate from the Chancellor, Prof. Ezra Suruma (R)

In his address, the Chancellor congratulated the graduands and paid tribute to the parents and guardians for the sacrifices made to ensure their children attain quality education.  â€śI plead with the graduands to never forget to cherish and to honour your parents, guardians and sponsors who have sacrificed so much to help you reach this graduation day. As they become older, they will increasingly need your love and financial support. Whenever I meet someone I assisted and he or she tells me how they cherished my support I feel greatly uplifted. But whenever I remember someone I assisted but who has never bothered to send even a message of greetings, I feel discouraged. Please endeavor to cultivate an attitude of gratitude,” he advised.

The Chancellor appreciated Makerere University Management and faculty for the commitment and time invested in delivering quality education to the students.

Dr.  Nabawanda Olivia graduated with a PhD in Mathematics at the age of 31 years
Dr.  Nabawanda Olivia graduated with a PhD in Mathematics at the age of 31 years

The Vice Chancellor’s address

The Vice Chancellor congratulated the students and professors on the achievement. He thanked the parents, guardians, Government, and other sponsors, for supporting the students. “A total of 254 of this week’s graduands have been supported under the Government of Uganda Students’ Loans Scheme under the Higher Education Students’ Financing Board (HESFB). Since 2014, the Students’ Loan Scheme has supported 1,816 Students to study different Science Programmes at Makerere University, making it the single biggest supporter of private students at the Institution. These students would otherwise never have achieved their higher education dreams if it was not for the Students’ Loan Scheme. I wish to congratulate you the beneficiaries and appeal to you to use the skills and knowledge you have acquired to serve your country but also remember to pay back such that more students can be supported.”

Dr. Nalule Rebecca also graduated with a PhD in Mathematics
Dr. Nalule Rebecca also graduated with a PhD in Mathematics

Similarly, the Vice Chancellor appreciated all development partners who have supported many students to attain quality education at Makerere, including the Mastercard Foundation, Sida, Norad, The Madhvani Foundation, the Inter-University Council of East Africa, as well as Government Ministries and Agencies.

The Vice Chancellor thanked the University Council for expanding the Female Scholarship Scheme to support 40 girls from disadvantaged backgrounds, with special attention to Uganda’s ethnic minorities, including the Ik, the Dodoth, the Batwa, and the Jie. “It is also my pleasure to report that the University Council policy on affirmative action for girls in STEM is already bearing fruit. Because of that policy, the enrolment of girls in STEM has increased from 35% to 42% over the last two academic years.”

Dr. Mukisa Ambrose from the Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science was one of the PhD graduands
Dr. Mukisa Ambrose from the Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science was one of the PhD graduands

Regarding research and innovation at Makerere, the Vice Chancellor appreciated the Government for the allocation of UGX 30 billion annually for the last three years towards the Research and Innovation Fund, commonly referred to as RIF. “This fund has transformed Makerere tremendously. Out of 1,200 applications received, more than 700 research grants have so far been allocated and more than 500 innovations have been recorded, many of them with potential for commercialization, and a number of policy briefs and manuals have been developed. The Government of Uganda is now the single largest funder of research at Makerere University and we are obliged to respond by increasing our efforts to find solutions to our Country’s development challenges. Our potential for innovation came out during the COVID-19 pandemic when more than 200 innovations to fight that disease were realized. I congratulate the Makerere researchers for their patriotism and zeal.”

The CoNAS Leadership poses with one of the PhD Graduands, Dr. Godwin Anywar (L)
The CoNAS Leadership poses with one of the PhD Graduands, Dr. Godwin Anywar (L)

 He also appreciated the Government for the considerable investments in improving Makerere University infrastructure. “Last week the First Lady and Minister of Education and Sports came to Makerere to commission some buildings and lay foundation stones for others, including the reconstruction of our iconic Main Administration Building, for which Government has already availed all the UGX 21 billion required. The new building for the School of Dentistry has enabled us to equip the biggest dental hospital in East Africa. The Central Teaching Facilities have greatly alleviated the shortage of teaching and office space, and the new building for the School of Law will enhance research and graduate training in the discipline of Law. All these projects will cost the Government more than UGX 60 billion and we thank you very much indeed.”

Another PhD graduand from CoNAS
Another PhD graduand from CoNAS

The Vice Chancellor equally thanked the President for the pledge to support the construction of a perimeter wall around the University campus.  He also appreciated the President for his directive for the allocation of funds to renovate student halls of residence and facilities of the College of Health Sciences. “These facilities are central to student welfare and the quality of our teaching and training. With these investments, I want to assure Your Excellency that we shall give our best to build the human capital of this country and enhance research and innovation to drive the national development agenda. The grant of USD 300 million negotiated by the First Lady and Minister of Education for the construction of a teaching hospital at Makerere University will greatly revolutionise teaching and research at Makerere. Makerere will never be the same again,” he noted. He also extended gratitude to the government for the pledge of UGX 800 million to support activities to mark 100 years of Makerere University. This year, Makerere is celebrating 100 years of excellent service to humanity. The climax will be on 8th October 2022.

Prof. Esezah Kakudidi (2nd R) prepares to embrace one of the PhD Graduands from CoNAS (L).
Prof. Esezah Kakudidi (2nd R) prepares to embrace one of the PhD Graduands from CoNAS (L).
Dr. Denis Okello, Head, Department of Physics (R) congratulates one of the PhD graduands
Dr. Denis Okello, Head, Department of Physics (R) congratulates one of the PhD graduands
Prof. Juma Kasozi, Deputy Principal CoNAS presents students for the award of Master of Science in various disciplines 
Prof. Juma Kasozi, Deputy Principal CoNAS presents students for the award of Master of Science in various disciplines 
Standing: Some of the students who graduated with MScs during Day 1 of the 72nd Graduation Ceremony on 23rd May 2022.
Standing: Some of the students who graduated with MScs at the first session of the 72nd Graduation Ceremony on 23rd May 2022.
The Dean, School of Biosciences, Prof. Arthur Tugume presents graduands at the first session of the 72nd graduation ceremony
The Dean, School of Biosciences, Prof. Arthur Tugume presents graduands at the first session of the 72nd graduation ceremony
Some of the BSc graduands from CoNAS at the first session of the 72nd Graduation Ceremony on 23rd May 2022
Some of the BSc graduands from CoNAS at the first session of the 72nd Graduation Ceremony on 23rd May 2022
The Director, Directorate of Research and Graduate Training (DRGT), Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi (Centre Black Cap) congratulates the PhD graduands at the first session of the 72nd graduation ceremony
The Director, Directorate of Research and Graduate Training (DRGT), Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi (Centre Black Cap) congratulates the PhD graduands at the first session of the 72nd graduation ceremony

 Full speech by the Minister of Education and Sports, Hon. Janet Kataha Museveni at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqh6gbUssJo

Hasifa Kabejja

Natural Sciences

CARTA Fellow Anywar Appointed Member of BMC Editorial Board

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Dr. Godwin Anywar (2nd Right) displays his certificate after attending the Science Diplomacy Course in Trieste, Italy, from June 17 to 21, 2024. Photo: CARTA.

Godwin Anywar, cohort 6, Makerere University, was appointed a Member of the editorial board of BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies on June 18, 2024. The appointment is on a rolling basis, renewable after every two years.

He also attended the Science Diplomacy Course in Trieste, Italy, from June 17 to 21, 2024, under the auspices of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Washington, DC, USA, and The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Trieste, Italy.

Source: CARTA Newsletter Issue 78

Mark Wamai

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Natural Sciences

Mak Researchers develop Innovative Integrated Wetlands-bivalve system to Mitigate Effects of Pollution in Aquaculture farms in the Lake Victoria Basin

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The Project team with the participants during the workshop at Colline Hotel Mukono on 26th June 2024. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.

By Hasifa Kabejja & Dr. Robinson Odong

Overview

The fisheries sub-sector in Uganda is crucial, supporting over 5 million livelihoods and providing essential protein for up to 17 million people, with an average consumption of 10 kg per capita. Uganda’s population is projected to double in the next 27 years, prompting the National Development Plan III to aim for a significant increase in fish production, with aquaculture expected to contribute 1 million MT by 2030. The Fisheries and Aquaculture Act 2022 emphasizes adherence to National Environmental Management principles to achieve sustainable production systems.

However, as aquaculture grows, the sector faces environmental challenges due to increased intensive production and on-farm waste, including nutrients from feed, uneaten feed, poor quality feeds, pseudofeces, escaped farmed fish, and residual chemicals. These pollutants pose risks such as habitat quality deterioration, biodiversity loss, eutrophication of waterways, and the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens.

The Principal, CoNAS, Makerere University, Prof. Winston Tumps Ireeta officially opened the workshop. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
The Principal, CoNAS, Makerere University, Prof. Winston Tumps Ireeta officially opened the workshop.

Mitigating the effects of environmental pollution from aquaculture

Through a Project titled: Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP), researchers from Makerere University in collaboration with the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) set out to assess the effects of aquaculture facilities and practices on Lake Victoria, its catchment rivers and wetlands. The team led by Dr Ronald Semyalo from the Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS) at Makerere University subsequently examined the effectiveness of innovative technologies, such as integrated wetland-bivalve systems, in mitigating these impacts. They also reviewed the application of national environment and aquaculture regulations in controlling environmental pollution. The study surveyed fish farms in three districts of Buikwe, Jinja, and Mukono within the Victoria Water Management Zone. Other project team members were: Dr Jerome Lugumira from NEMA, Dr Robinson Odong and Mr. Drake Ssempijja from ZEFS, Makerere University, and Ms. Ritah Namisango, Senior Public Relations Officer at Makerere. The Project was supported by the Government of Uganda through the Makerere University Research and Innovations Fund (MakRIF).

Some of the participants at the workshop at Colline Hotel Mukono. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
Some of the participants at the workshop at Colline Hotel Mukono.

During their engagement with different stakeholders in the fishing industry including the fish farmers from Jinja, Buikwe and Mukono, as well as experts from the Directorate of Water Resources at the Ministry of Water and Environment, NEMA, and the Directorate of Aquaculture Development at MAAF, the research team established that only 138 out of 380 registered fish farms were active, with 45.6% of the farms in Jinja, 35.5% in Mukono; and 18.8% in Buikwe. Overall, over 60% of the farms were inactive posing serious environmental threats.  

The PI, Dr Ronald Semyalo presenting the project findings to stakeholders. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
The PI, Dr Ronald Semyalo presenting the project findings to stakeholders.

Dissemination of the research findings

On 26th June 2024, the project team held a workshop at Colline Hotel Mukono to disseminate the research finding to stakeholders who included fish farmers from Buikwe, Jinja and Mukono, District Fisheries Officers, as well as representatives from NEMA and MAAIF. In the presentations, the team highlighted the environmental impacts of aquaculture practices and the possibility of innovatively using nature-based, environmentally friendly innovations as a mitigation measure. The presentations covered farm characteristics, water and feed management practices, water quality assessments and waste management methods. The participants engaged in discussion on the implications of the results and shared their experiences and challenges in managing aquaculture operations.

Dr Semyalo disseminating the research findings. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
Dr Semyalo disseminating the research findings.
Mr. Geoffrey Dheyongera, Principal Fisheries Officer at MAAIF delivered a presentation on the state of capture fisheries and aquaculture in Uganda. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
Mr. Geoffrey Dheyongera, Principal Fisheries Officer at MAAIF delivered a presentation on the state of capture fisheries and aquaculture in Uganda.

Key findings as disseminated by the PI

Out of the 380 farms, 119 were assessed. Below are the key findings;

  1. Environmental Impact Assessment: It was established that 81% of the farmers had not conducted Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and Environmental audits. This, the researchers noted was one of the major causes of abandoned farms. 
  2. Farm Characteristics: The majority of farms used earthen ponds (66.9%) and were semi-intensive (63.6%), relying on manufactured feed and pond fertilization. Intensive farms (30.5%) exclusively used manufactured feeds, while extensive farms (4.2%) relied solely on pond fertilization.
  3. Fish Species: Nile tilapia was the top choice (96.1%) for monoculture farms, while tilapia and catfish were preferred for polyculture systems (46.9%). Intensive farms predominantly farmed Nile tilapia.
  4. Demographics: Most respondents were male (90.7%), with a median age of 35 years. The largest age group was 31 to 59 years (43.2%).
  5. Fish diseases: The research revealed a number of diseases affecting aquaculture including: lesions/wounds on the belly and cysts on the scales, skin lesions and cysts on the belly, popping eyes and white substance on fins, open skin wounds, open wounds on the head, skin lesions – greyish, swollen eyes, whitish and black patches on the skin on the pelvic fin, wounds on the head.
  6. Water Use: Fish farms primarily relied on spring water and lake water. Other sources, such as streams, wells, and rivers, were also utilized. In most cases, the water source was shared with the community. Only a small percentage of respondents acknowledged any known disease outbreaks on their farms. There was a strong association between the district in which the farm was located and the water source used. Majority of those using lake water were in Jinja District, while most of those using spring water were in Mukono District. Additionally, there was a significant association between the fish species cultured and the water source used. 
  7. Feed Management: A significant proportion of the farms heavily relied on factory-made feeds. These feeds were often used in combination with farm feed materials, such as maize bran, potato vines, yam leaves, and kitchen waste. A smaller number of farmers exclusively relied on farm-made feeds, while an even smaller percentage solely relied on pond fertilization. Manufactured feeds were used in various forms: powder and floating pellets, powder, crumble, and floating pellets, powder only, floating pellets only, and sinking pellets. The most prevalent method of feed delivery was feeding by response, while some farms also practiced feeding by ration.
  8. Waste Management: The findings indicated a concerning lack of treatment for aquaculture effluent, with majority of respondents (69%) releasing it directly into natural streams or wetlands. This highlights the need for improved environmental management practices.  Common waste sources included faecal matter and dead fish. Most farms incinerated or buried solid waste. 
  9. Water Quality: Measurements at the representative visited farms showed compliance with FAO optimal conditions for fish farms. The physicochemical parameters of the farms visited were in line with FAO optimal conditions for fish farms.
  10. Prevailing Regulatory System: A comprehensive gap analysis was conducted to supplement the findings from the survey. It aimed to identify weaknesses and areas for improvement in current policies and regulations governing aquaculture. It also evaluated the effectiveness of existing measures in addressing environmental pollution, waste management, and sustainable water use. This exercise provided a foundation for developing more robust and effective regulatory frameworks that support sustainable aquaculture practices, protect water resources, and enhance the overall environmental health of the Lake Victoria basin.
Stakeholders at the MEEP dissemination workshop. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
Stakeholders at the MEEP dissemination workshop.

Project output

***Innovative Integrated wetlands-bivalves system was developed to mitigate the impact of pollution emanating from aquaculture on the environment

Effluent from poor aquaculture practices may contain uneaten feed residues and associated components, such as suspended solids, nutrient nitrogen and phosphorus and organic materials. If discharged without any form of treatment, such effluent contributes to excessive nutrient enrichment of water bodies, a phenomenon referred to as eutrophication. Eutrophic waters have diminished ecological value, for example are low in oxygen level and can lead to fish kills. Wetland plants, such as duckweeds can aid in cleansing of aquaculture effluent of excess pollutants, through various mechanisms. For example, the plant roots adsorb suspended solids, besides offering conducive attachment surfaces for beneficial microorganisms which perform various nutrient recycling roles. The plants also uptake excess nutrients, hence reducing their levels in water. Bivalves (Molluscs) are filter feeders, hence uptake and cleanse water of detrital or solid materials, hence augmenting the roles of the plants. The integration of wetlands-bivalves system offer synergistic roles in aquaculture effluent treatment. The plants and bivalves used in the treatment can in turn be removed and used for other beneficial purposes.

Dr Jerome Lugumira from NEMA delivered a presentation on the policies regulating the sector and the gaps. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
Dr Jerome Lugumira from NEMA delivered a presentation on the policies regulating the sector and the gaps.

Presentation on policy gaps

During the dissemination workshop, Dr Jerome Lugumira, the Natural Resources Manager, Soils and Land Use at NEMA sensitized participants on the National Environment Act, 2019 with special emphasis on policy regulations for the aquaculture sector. He emphasized the need to acquire an EIA certificate before engaging in aquaculture. Highlighting the gaps in policy, Dr Lugumira noted that Schedule 4 of the National Environment Act, 2019 does not sufficiently guide the Fisheries sector; while the Physical Planning Act, 2010 is biased towards physical development planning, and the Water Act, 1997 provides for a waste discharge permit but no consideration of the extent of wastes discharged from fish farms of varying size and intensity is provided.

Dr Lugumira sensitizing participants on the policies. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
Dr Lugumira sensitizing participants on the policies.

He further noted that the National Environment (Wetlands, Riverbanks and Lakeshores Management) Regulations, 2000 do not guide on areas where aquaculture best fits, indicating that the application of the 25% wetland area beyond which one needs approval is vague.

Additionally, he explained that the National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 2020 refer to fish waste generally and not whether it means waste from fish or all waste from fish farms, such as off-cuts, unwanted materials, and that the National Environment (Standards for Discharge of Effluent into Water or Land) Regulations, 2020 consider effluent discharge and not that released in-situ and that disposed directly into water via cages and into soil via land-based systems.

Right-Left Dr Susan Luyiga, Dr Peter Akoll, and Ms. Ritah Namisango at the dissemination workshop. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
Right-Left Dr Susan Luyiga, Dr Peter Akoll, and Ms. Ritah Namisango at the dissemination workshop.

Dr Lugumira called for the review of the National Environment (Wetlands, Riverbanks and Lakeshores Management) Regulations, 2000, by requiring the mandated Lead Agency (WMD) to issue approvals for access to wetlands, and appending guidance on wetlands and lake areas where aquaculture is suitable. He suggested that submissions seeking approval from NEMA should have all required approvals from MAAIF, WMD and DLGs. “The assessment process should be supported by a technical officer skilled in fisheries sciences and not generalists,” he noted.

The Guest of Honour, Mr. Alio Andrew briefed participants on proper aquaculture management practices and called on Ugandans to invest in the fisheries sector. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
The Guest of Honour, Mr. Alio Andrew briefed participants on proper aquaculture management practices and called on Ugandans to invest in the fisheries sector.

Overview on the state of capture fisheries and aquaculture in Uganda

Sharing an overview on the state of capture fisheries and aquaculture in Uganda, Mr. Geoffrey Dheyongera, Principal Fisheries Officer at MAAIF, noted that the global decline/stagnation in capture fisheries stocks had increased demand for fish, calling for a boost in fish production through stock enhancement in water bodies and promotion of aquaculture. “There is need for huge investment in aquaculture. The Aquaculture Policy targets 1 million MT from aquaculture through establishment of aquaparks with intensive management activities.”

One of the technologies developed by the project team to support the mitigation of the effects of aquaculture on the environment. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
One of the technologies developed by the project team to support the mitigation of the effects of aquaculture on the environment.

Key concerns raised by the farmers

During the focused group discussions, participants highlighted a number of factors undermining the growth of the aquaculture sector. These include;

  1. Ignorance about the laws/policy guidelines
  2. Low skills and lack of exposure in aquaculture management
  3. Low numbers of technical staff to guide the farmers
  4. Inexperienced technical staff
  5. Cheating by fish seed producers
  6. Expensive and poor quality feeds
  7. Fluctuating prices of fish
  8. Competition with capture fisheries/negative attitude towards farmed fish
  9. Increased degradation of the environment which affects water quality
  10. High interest rates on loans
  11. Farmers fear for exorbitant taxes
Participants in group discussions on the factors undermining aquaculture. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
Participants in group discussions on the factors undermining aquaculture.

Proposals for improvement

  1. Government should recruit technical staff to assist farmers
  2. Thorough training of extension staff
  3. Encourage value addition to farmed fish
  4. Integrate climate smart interventions in aquaculture
  5. Policies regulating the sector should be popularized
  6. Undertake periodical review of the existing policies
  7. Encourage multi-stakeholder involvement in the implementation of policies
  8. Invest in research responsive to fish and aquaculture sector needs
  9. Monitor quality of fish feeds to satisfy farmers’ needs and environmental safety
  10. Private hatchery operators must be supported by the responsible sector agencies to ensure quality seed. Likewise, fish seed must come from certified hatcheries.
  11. Inspection of farms should be strengthened
  12. Train farmers on proper aquaculture management practices
  13. Farmers should work in groups to reduce production costs, negotiate better prices for their products, access credit facilities and maximize profits
Group discussions on aquaculture. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
Group discussions on aquaculture.

Remarks by the Guest of Honour, Mukono District CAO, and the Principal, CoNAS

In his remarks, the Guest of Honour, also Assistant Commissioner Aquaculture Management at MAAIF, Mr. Alio Andrew, guided the farmers on proper aquaculture practices, and encouraged Ugandans to invest in the fish sector. “The demand for fish has increased. Aquaculture remains a viable option,” he noted. He also raised the need to support private hatchery operators to produce quality seed, emphasizing that fish seed should only be bought from certified hatcheries. He highlighted the significance of biosecurity in aquaculture, and the need to collect appropriate data on the sector.

Group discussions on aquaculture. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
Group discussions on aquaculture.

The CAO Mukono District called for intensified training of farmers in aquaculture management practices. She advised the farmers to work in groups if they are to make reasonable profits.

The Principal, College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS), Makerere University, Prof. Winston Tumps Ireeta, acknowledged the involvement of the community in research, and appreciated the fish farmers for actively participating in the project activities. He expressed gratitude to the Government of Uganda for the continued support towards research at Makerere University. Besides other initiatives geared towards improving research at Makerere, the Government is supporting over 700 research projects at Makerere through the Research and Innovations Fund. He also appreciated MAAIF and NEMA for the technical guidance extended towards the project.

The Representative of the CAO Mukono District delivering her remarks. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
The Representative of the CAO Mukono District delivering her remarks.
A participant presenting the views of his group on the factors undermining aquaculture. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
A participant presenting the views of his group on the factors undermining aquaculture.
The Secretariat at the dissemination workshop. On the left is Ms. Catherine Nannyonga, the Project Administrator. Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences (ZEFS), College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) Mitigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution from aquaculture on freshwater resources in Lake Victoria Basin (MEEP) Mak-RIF funded project Dissemination of the research findings, 26th June 2024, Colline Hotel Mukono.
The Secretariat at the dissemination workshop. On the left is Ms. Catherine Nannyonga, the Project Administrator.

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Natural Sciences

Call For Applications For Masters Scholarship Under The Biosorption For Sustainable Small-Scale Gold Mining In Uganda (BioGold) Project

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The JICA Building, College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS) as approached from the Mary Stuart Road Roundabout, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda

BioGold Project is a three-year collaborative project among five academic institutions including, Kyambogo University, Makerere University, Gulu University, University of Pretoria and University of Continuing Education, Krems, Austria funded by the Austrian Development Cooperation under the APPEAR Partnership. The project will combine principles of biosorption and chemical remediation to treat contaminated wastewater, tailings, rehabilitate contaminated soils so as to protect vulnerable ecosystems surrounding artisanal gold mining (ASGM) areas in Uganda. This study will design biochar composites from locally available biomass to enhance mercury removal from wastewater and tailings as well as rehabilitate mercury-contaminated soils making them fit for agriculture. The project envisages to train and build capacity of young researchers in Uganda. As such the project has been allocated an MSc. position under Component II, to support to full-time student to undertake studies in Austria. The successful MSc candidate is expected to undertake research on characterizing, optimizing biochar and modify the biochar to improve the sorption capacities.

The project consortium is now inviting qualified and interested persons to apply for nomination for the award of the scholarship. The project has strong preference for female candidates, therefore strongly encouraged to apply.

Eligibility criteria

In addition to APPEAR requirements https://appear.at/en/implementation/embedded-scholarship-application, the applicants should:

  1. Not be older than 30 years (women not older than 35)
  2. Demonstrate interest and capability to work in the priority themes
  3. Present a concept note to provide understanding of the subject
  4. Have a minimum of second- upper class bachelor’s degree in any of the following programmes: BSc in Chemistry, BSc in Environmental Science, & BSc in Environmental Engineering

Benefits

The successful applicants will receive a full scholarship (up to 24 months) which includes;

  1. Return air ticket and visa costs to Austria
  2. Monthly stipend of €1000 while in Austria to cater for personal welfare, accommodation and local movement
  3. Research related expenses.

Application process

  1. A complete application form
  2. A one-page motivation letter
  3. Curriculum vitae (maximum 2 pages)
  4. A completed Master Scholarship Application Form for Embedded APPEAR Projects
  5. Copies of Academic documents
  6. Photocopy of the passport and/or ID
  7. Recommendation letters from two academic referees.
  8. All applications must be sent electronically to Dr. Mary Kaggwa (marykaggwa@kyu.ac.ug) and copied to Dr. Peter Akoll (peter.akoll@mak.ac.ug) and Dr. Denis Nono (d.nono@gu.ac.ug) not later than 5.00pm East African Time on 20th June 2024.

Members of staff with former students interested in biochar technology and its use in heavy metal removal are requested to share the advert with them.

Full Advert and Application form may be accessed below.

Note: Only successful applicants will be contacted.

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Hasifa Kabejja

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