General
Mak-Sida Meet to ignite Research Agenda
The Swedish Ambassador to Uganda, H.E Urban Andersson, has re-affirmed his country’s commitment to supporting research and innovations in Makerere University and Uganda, as a way of contributing to national development, social transformation and poverty eradication. H.E Andersson was speaking at the Science Day for the Makerere-Sida Research Cooperation at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security (CoVAB), on 19th November 2013. This was part of an ongoing Annual Review Meeting for the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) research support to Makerere University, running from 18th – 27th November 2013. The Makerere-Sida Phase III Bilateral Research programme (2010-2014) is worth Swedish Krona (SEK) 180 million.
“Rural areas have been pointed out as key for Uganda’s development with 80% of the population staying there. I have noted that the challenges faced by people in rural areas have been pointed out in most of your presentations, which also provide recommendations and policy directions for improving livelihoods in rural areas. We are also glad that your focus on Northern Uganda will bring new knowledge of the disease potential, help in reducing the spread of diseases in animals, which also affect human beings. This will fit in well with why we support research, with the end goal of poverty reduction,” he said. The Ambassador also pointed out that the next phase of the MAK-Sida Bilateral Research Grant for Phase 1V, 2015 to 2020 was on its way to continue supporting research and innovations relevant to today’s fast changing world.
At the opening of the Annual Review Meeting held on 18th November 2013 at the Main Library, the Vice Chancellor, Professor John Ddumba-Ssentamu was represented by the Acting Vice Chancellor Associate Professor Arch. Barnabas Nawangwe, who is also the Deputy Vice Chancellor in charge of Finance and Administration.
“Makerere University and Uganda in general have enjoyed and continue to benefit from the generosity of the Royal Government of Sweden in the areas of human resources capacity building, research, library services/information technology and infrastructural development. Sida support has also contributed to the enhancement of centres of excellence in waste management, health systems research, and renewable energy research, among others. Despite these achievements, the University still faces challenges like inadequate infrastructure and we appreciate more support,” read the Vice Chancellor’s speech.
The Director of Research and Graduate Training, Professor Mukadasi Buyinza, welcomed participants to the MAK-Sida Annual Review Meeting that provides a platform for dissemination of research, technology and innovations at Makerere University. The Review also presents an opportunity to Makerere University to take stock of her research achievements and their strength in contributing to the national development agenda.
Professor Buyinza appreciated Sida for the continued support to Makerere University and also thanked the University Management for creating an environment conducive to research. “There is will from Management for research to take place and we have all the support we need. With the Sida and Management support, we are empowered to champion the University Research Agenda. During the Phase III (2010-2014), Sida has supported 100 PhDs; 70 Masters and 20 Post Doctoral Research grants. We are also happy to report that we have been granted the Year 2015 as a bridging year in preparation for the MAK-Sida Phase IV Bilateral Research Grant. We are grateful for this support,” he said.
He further saluted Sida for supporting cross cutting courses and services critical in knowledge creation and sharpening of people’s minds. “In Phase III, 700 graduate students have been trained in cross cutting courses such as research management, philosophy of methods, statistical application and information competence management; and senior researchers of Makerere University have undertaken skills enhancement courses including supervision and mentorship, research and financial management,” he explained.
The highly interactive Science Day was coordinated by Dr. David Owiny, of the Vet Sub-programme. “This is the 3rd Science Day since the beginning of the MAK-Sida Phase III. Our collaboration with the Swedish people has been very successful. Together with the Swedish Agricultural University, we are training five (5) PhD students and their research is on a steady path to completion. They are in the final stages of their doctoral studies and will graduate next year,” he said.
In an energetic presentation, the Principal of CoVAB, Professor John David Kabasa, called for a paradigm shift in the education sector if the current and future generations are to be saved from poverty and unemployment. “Peasants fed us and sustained the economy for the last 50 years. Since independence, the education system has been producing people to administer peasants, but not learning how to manage the production and industrial processes. That is why Uganda plans to transform from a peasantry to a middle income economy as per the National Vision 2040,” he asserted. “It is now time to change the model. We need to graduate people with skills to become entrepreneurs or else we are in for a social tsunami. There are a lot of processes from the farm to the table. The industry has so many opportunities in the value-addition chain. Why should supermarkets continue to be highly stocked with products from abroad?” he wondered.
He reasoned that today’s problems cannot be solved using the same methods that created them. “CoVAB has embraced the SPEDA model to harness the entrepreneur, vocational and intellectual skills for high level productivity in the animal industry. It is a blended model that involves working with all people in different sectors; academic, community, public and private sector to graduate a skilled entrepreneur,” explained Professor Kabasa.
The Science Day involved presentations from PhD students, Denis Muhangi, Kokas Ikwap, Benon Kanyima, Denis Rwabiita Mugizi and Margaret Nabukenya, all sponsored by Sida. Denis Muhangi presented the Practices in Pig Value Chain in Uganda: Implications to transmission of African Swine Fever. His study focused on documenting the different factors and practices within the pig value chain that could influence the transmission of African Swine Fever and also the potential risk factors for African Swine Fever outbreaks on farms.
Kokas Ikwap conducted a study on the magnitude of salmonellae infections in pigs in Gulu and Soroti. In his findings, Ikwap observed that 39% of the households had at least one animal succumbing to salmonellae infection, which presents with diarrhea. He stressed that this was dangerous because salmonellae also affects human beings. His study also revealed that out of the 56 samples taken, there were 20 different serotypes of salmonellae identified.
In his study, Benon Kanyima recommended a format to support post-strife rural urban immigrants engaging in urban and peri-urban dairy farming and to establish a Dairy Cow Welfare Policy in Uganda, to curb abuse of cows.
Denis Rwabiita Mugizi focused on the magnitude and risk factor of brucellosis in Gulu and Soroti district. His findings revealed that the disease was more prominent in the older animals of five years and above. Animals brought to these districts from Western Uganda had a higher chance of testing positive to brucellosis. He pointed out that brucellosis continues to be passed on to humans and that the current strain of this infection is resistant to some drugs.
Dr. Maria Nassuna, one of the supervisors emphasized that engaging in this research across different parts of the country was quite fulfilling, because the Supervisors took off time to go to the field with students and therefore made more informed supervision of the research projects.
Another PhD student, Margaret Nabukenya, carried out research on the threat of Helminthosis amongst goats in Gulu and Mpigi district. Her findings reveal that Helminthosis, a common disease in goats, is caused by infections due to various gastro-intestinal parasites. It leads to poor weight gain in these animals. Her findings further reveal that 5.2% of the country's GDP is from livestock products.
An exhibition to showcase the latest innovations from CoVAB, was organized as a key highlight of the Science Day. It involved demonstration of projects on posters and bee-hive technology among others. Dr. David Owiny the Exhibition Coordinator pointed out that the projects on display, as funded by Sida as well as innovations on technologies under the AFRISA programme, were designed to answer to the needs of society by providing practical solutions.
After a guided tour of the exhibits, Ambassador Andersson could not hide his amazement. “I thank this College for working with multidisciplinary teams and using a holistic approach to research. It is also positive that you are working with other universities and partners in Uganda and the region,” he remarked.
On behalf of the college, the Principal, Professor John David Kabasa presented a gift to the Ambassador and to the Sida Desk Officer, Dr. Katri Pohjolainen as a token of appreciation for the continued support.
Dr. Ruth Muwazi of CoVAB gave a vote of thanks to all who had worked tirelessly to make the 3rd Science Day a success and also appreciated the invited guests for dedicating time to understand what CoVAB stands for.
The Review continued with an afternoon session, chaired by Associate Professor George Nasinyama of the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training. It was a Scientific Conference for Postdoctoral presentations, held in the New Library Building Extension. The presentations included:
- A landscape population Genomics Approach for Conservation of the Domestic Pig and Control of African Swine Fever in Uganda by Dr. Charles Masembe, College of Natural Sciences.
- Genetic Characterisation of Trypanosomia vivax-induced hemorrhagic syndrome strains and their spread in Ugandan perigame areas by Dr. Savino Biryomumaisho, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security.
- The Opportunities and Challenges of Redd for the Forest Resources Base and Rural Livelihoods In Uganda by Dr. J.J. Namaalwa.
- Growth Modeling of Exploitable Fish populations: A case study of Nile Perch in Lake Nabugabo, Uganda by Dr. Gladys Bwanika, College of Natural Sciences.
- Evaluation and surveillance of the impact of severe maternal and prenatal morbidity on health of women and children attending Mulago and Jinja referral health facilities by Dr. Dan Kaye, College of Health Sciences.
- Adaptation to Climate Change in Post Conflict Communities in Uganda: Building Resilient Livelihoods Paths by Dr. Paul K. Musali, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.
- A theoretical approach for the compilation of the thesauruses in less documented languages by Dr. Celestino Orikiriza, College of Humanities and Social Sciences.
Through Sida support, Makerere University has been able to establish strong collaborations with leading universities including universities in Sweden. Makerere University has also benefitted from joint supervision, which has ensured high quality graduates.
Throughout the 8-day Annual Review Meeting, the team from Sweden and Directorate of Research and Graduate Training-Makerere University will hold discussions with researchers and beneficiaries under the MAK-Sida Bilateral Phase III Research Grant in the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio Security; Makerere University Library; Quality Assurance Directorate; College of Humanities and Social Sciences; College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology; College of Health Sciences; Gender Mainstreaming Directorate, College of Natural Sciences and DICTS.
The Annual Review Meeting will close on 27th November 2013 with ‘Wrap-up’ plenary discussions from all unit sub programme Coordinators, Supervisors, Researchers and Students. The Wrap-up will be an interactive session in which all beneficiary units will agree on a road map and lay strategies to maximize the anticipated Phase IV Mak-Sida support.
“The Wrap-up session will be instrumental in getting all stakeholders focus in one direction for purposes of positioning this university at a highly competitive and desirable global trend. As a Directorate, we are positive that Makerere University is on the right track in research but we need to speak the same language across the entire university so that we attain a competitive edge in all disciplines,” asserted Prof. Mukadasi Buyinza, Director, Research and Graduate Training, Makerere University.
By: Ritah Namisango and Marion Alina, Public Relations Office
Photos by: Directorate of Research and Graduate Training and MAK Public Relations Office
Agriculture & Environment
Makerere Hosts Inaugural Falling Walls Lab Competition as Innovators Pitch Solutions to National Challenges
Students and researchers from Makerere University and other institutions pitched 12 innovations addressing challenges in healthcare, clean energy, agriculture, waste management and community resilience during the inaugural Falling Walls Lab Kampala, held at the School of Public Health Auditorium, Makerere University.
The competition brought together emerging innovators to present solutions to practical challenges through a three minute pitch, followed by questions from a panel of judges.
Modelled on the Falling Walls format that originated in Berlin, the event required each participant to identify a “wall” a problem or barrier, and demonstrate how their innovation seeks to break it down.
Mudhasi wins with newborn jaundice screening device
Andrew Mudhasi of Makerere University emerged as the overall winner with a score of 90 per cent for a low cost medical device designed to improve newborn jaundice screening across different skin tones.
Mudhasi explained that the device uses optical sensor technology and a skin tone targeting algorithm to provide a rapid reading, with the aim of helping nurses and clinicians identify jaundice more efficiently.
During questions from the jury, Mudhasi said the device had not yet been tested on actual babies but had undergone laboratory testing using simulated skin tones.
He reported an accuracy rate of 94 per cent when the device was compared with laboratory spectrophotometers.
The innovation is intended initially for use in clinics and hospitals, with Mudhasi saying the team is also considering a version that could eventually allow mothers to screen babies at home.
Mudhasi’s innovation has previously received recognition at the African Business Concept Challenge and the iF Design Student Award, according to his presentation.
Rhonda’s innovation tackles diaper waste
Rhoda John of the University of Nairobi emerged in second place with 89.6 per cent for an innovation addressing the problem of used diaper waste.
Under the theme “Breaking the wall of diaper waste and drug soils,” Rhonda explained that her team extracts sodium polyacrylate, the absorbent polymer found in diapers, and replaces the sodium with potassium.
The resulting potassium based superabsorbent material is designed to act as a “water battery” in soil by absorbing and retaining water for plants during dry periods.
John said testing showed a 99 per cent increase in germination and a 23 per cent increase in drought resistance.
The innovation also seeks to reduce the amount of used diapers ending up in landfills and the environmental effects associated with their decomposition.
During the question and answer session, John explained that her team was working with government environmental officials in Nairobi on a pilot collection system to address the challenge of gathering used diapers at scale.
Mahera takes third place with herbal peptic ulcer treatment
Stuart Mahera of Makerere University finished third with 86.2 per cent for a herbal formulation targeting peptic ulcers.
Presenting under the theme “Breaking the wall of Nature and Modern Medicine,” Mahera argued that conventional treatment for peptic ulcers can involve multiple medicines and may be associated with side effects and antimicrobial resistance.
His proposed formulation, MARAC capsules, is intended as a monotherapy, combining properties required for peptic-ulcer treatment in a single capsule.
Mahera said his team had carried out quality control work, including characterisation and dose quantification, and had conducted preclinical trials on laboratory mice.
He also told the jury that an application had been submitted to the National Drug Authority as the team awaits the next stage of the regulatory process.
According to Mahera, the proposed seven day treatment would cost about Shs21,000, compared with the existing 14 day treatment approach.
Innovators present solutions to practical challenges
The remaining presentations covered a wide range of challenges.
Esther Nakungu of Utamu University presented Agri-Track, a digital record keeping solution intended to improve visibility, accountability and management of farm operations and financial information.
Dr. Jimmy Chachiga, a Makerere University participant, presented a solar photovoltaic cooker with a heat storage system designed to provide a cleaner and more reliable cooking option during both sunny and non sunny periods.
His presentation focused on reducing dependence on biomass fuels and addressing the challenges associated with intermittent solar energy.
Abdul Noor Luttamaguzi, a PhD student and senior government fisheries officer, presented a mobile application aimed at helping fish farmers and extension officers report, track and manage disease outbreaks.
Henry Duke Tamale presented a herbal cream targeting antibiotic resistant biofilm infections associated with diabetic foot ulcers.
Marvin Seruwu proposed adapting existing near infrared brain monitoring technology to help detect extra-axial brain bleeds in health facilities where access to CT and MRI equipment is limited.
His proposal seeks to repurpose existing technology towards a diagnostic need that could be particularly important in settings where advanced imaging facilities are not readily available.
Kennedy Kisame presented a poultry alert and diagnosis system combining satellite weather information with computer vision disease detection. The proposed system could be accessed through a smartphone application, SMS or USSD, making it potentially usable by farmers with limited internet access.
Frank Atwiine proposed a solar powered mobile diagnostic van designed to bring ultrasound and other diagnostic services closer to rural communities.
Johnson Makmot, a software and blockchain developer, presented a platform that combines GPS tracking and blockchain-based tokens to incentivise and verify plastic-waste collection in Kampala.
Dr. Nelson Ndugu, from a partner university, presented an artificial intelligence tool designed to translate agricultural research publications into local Ugandan languages and generate voice notes for radio-based extension delivery.
The final presentation came from Dr. Juliet Akola, a Ugandan post doctoral researcher at Mangosuthu University of Technology in South Africa.
Akola presented a community digital resilience initiative focused on mapping risks in Kampala’s informal settlements, including flooding, fire, poor sanitation, waste management and inadequate infrastructure.
Her proposal seeks to combine local community knowledge with geographical information systems and link identified risks to action plans involving municipalities and other stakeholders.
Nawangwe calls for more investment in innovation
Closing the event, Prof. Nawangwe congratulated all the participants and described their presentations as an important beginning for Makerere University, Uganda and the wider region.
Drawing on his experience attending the Falling Walls conference in Berlin, the Vice Chancellor said initiatives of this nature are important because innovation will play a major role in determining the future of countries.
He encouraged participants to make their pitches more precise by clearly identifying the problem they are addressing, explaining their proposed solution and demonstrating what they have already achieved.
Prof. Nawangwe also welcomed the participation of innovators from other universities and countries, noting that the Kampala event had attracted participants beyond Makerere.
He thanked the Africa Office of the Falling Walls Foundation for its role in bringing the initiative to Makerere and encouraged continued support for innovation.
The Vice Chancellor further linked innovation to Uganda’s growing youth population and the need to develop home-grown solutions to address challenges such as youth unemployment.
The inaugural Falling Walls Lab Kampala ultimately provided a platform for innovators to move ideas beyond the classroom and laboratory and demonstrate how research, technology and creativity can be applied to challenges affecting communities.
| Position | Winner | Institution | Score |
| 1st | Andrew Mudhasi | Makerere University | 90% |
| 2nd | Rhoda John | University of Nairobi | 89.6% |
| 3rd | Stuart Mahera | Makerere University | 86.2% |
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