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Four MakSPH Faculty inducted as Prestigious UNAS Fellows

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Four Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) faculty have been inducted for the 2024 Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) fellowship, a preeminent nation’s most respected scientific bodies. This is the first time MakSPH is scooping a large number of faculty fellows, which was the highest for a single institution. This prestigious honor was awarded on Friday, November 1, 2024, at Four Points by Sheraton Kampala, Uganda.

The recipients are;

⦿ Professor David Guwatudde, a Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the MakSPH where he has been teaching for over 32 years. In the last decade, Dr. Guwatudde’s research interest has been on characterising the epidemiology, evaluattion and effectiveness of appropriate interventions for prevention and control of selected non-communicable diseases (NCD) especially diabetes and hypertension.

⦿ Dr. Fredrick Edward Makumbi, an Associate Professor of Biostatistics at MakSPH in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. A seasoned public health professional in Uganda, he is also a Gates Fellow. Through his expertise in population health and the evaluation of public health interventions, Dr. Makumbi has generated significant evidence that impacts the field. He has published over 300 journal articles and leads the PMA project, which focuses on evaluating schistosomiasis and family planning initiatives in Uganda.

⦿ Dr. David Musoke, a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health at MakSPH. He serves as the Chair of the Grants and Research Capacity Building Committee at MakSPH and is the President Elect of the International Federation of Environmental Health (IFEH). A graduate of Makerere University, his research interests include environmental health, malaria prevention and community health. He organized the first International Community Health Workers symposium which was held in Uganda, and is an academic editor and reviewer for several journals.

⦿ Dr. Victoria Nankabirwa, an experienced clinical researcher and Lecturer in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at MakSPH. She holds a PhD from the University of Bergen and is also a member of the WHO Immunization and Vaccine-related Implementation Research (IVIR) Advisory Committee. Her key interests include mother and child outcomes, particularly survival and the impact of immunization.

Professor David Serwadda (C) presents UNAS fellows from MakSPH during the induction ceremony. Four Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) faculty induction into the 2024 Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) fellowship, 1st November 2024, Four Points by Sheraton, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Professor David Serwadda (C) presents UNAS fellows from MakSPH during the induction ceremony.

UNAS is an independent, non-profit, and non-political organization, established and founded in October 2000 to provide Uganda with credible, balanced, and evidence-driven guidance on matters of science and development. Membership is drawn from distinguished scientists and scholars who have made significant, lifelong contributions across diverse fields, including natural and social sciences, arts, and humanities.

The UNAS Fellowship remains one of the nation’s most respected scientific bodies, with over 200 members working collaboratively in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary fields to address Uganda’s challenges through science and innovation.

Every year, Fellows of the Uganda National Academy of Sciences (FUNAS) have an opportunity to nominate potential fellows into the academy based on their merit, impact and contribution of the world of Science. A nomination stands substantive once it is seconded by another FUNAS, after which the nominees go through a rigorous selection process by a highly competent committee of scholars in the academy.

FUNAS fellows take their oaths during the induction ceremony at Four Points by Sheraton Hotel, Kampala. Four Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) faculty induction into the 2024 Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) fellowship, 1st November 2024, Four Points by Sheraton, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
FUNAS fellows take their oaths during the induction ceremony at Four Points by Sheraton Hotel, Kampala.

Once selected and inducted, fellows in the academy devote their time on honorific activities and service provision through arbitrating on contentious national debates such as whether to provide free social services to refugees and whether to use DDT to control Malaria. Since inception on October 20, 2000, the UNAS has distinguished itself as a premier honorific society for eminent scientists in Uganda. It leverages on the expertise and stature of its members to provide pro bono evidence-informed advice to government and Ugandans on science, technology, innovation and sustainable development.

Dr. David Serwadda, an Exemplar Scholar of Makerere University who this year received the prestigious Professor Emeritus title presented the new fellows to the UNAS convention. He described Dr. Nankabirwa as a prolific researcher, with over 80 publications in peer-reviewed journals and an impressive funding portfolio that includes a number of highly competitive research grants.

On her part, Dr. Victoria Nankabirwa said she was grateful for the recognition and pledged to uphold UNAS values.

Dr. Victoria Nankabirwa signs an Oath during the induction ceremony on Friday. Four Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) faculty induction into the 2024 Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) fellowship, 1st November 2024, Four Points by Sheraton, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Victoria Nankabirwa signs an Oath during the induction ceremony on Friday.

“I am very thankful for this recognition, and as I reflect on the journey that has brought me to this point, I am reminded that this is not the result of solitary work but of shared aspirations, collaborations, and partnerships. As such, I am very thankful to my nominators and seconders, Prof. David Serwadda and Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze, as well as to my colleagues, my students, and my family, represented by my mum. To these people and to you, I extend my deepest gratitude. I pledge to uphold the academy’s values, advocate for science-driven policies, and mentor future generations. I will work as hard as I can within this FUNAS,” said Dr. Nankabirwa.

Dr. Fredrick Edward Makumbi receives a certificate of members from the UNAS president Prof. Grace Bantebya. Four Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) faculty induction into the 2024 Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) fellowship, 1st November 2024, Four Points by Sheraton, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Fredrick Edward Makumbi receives a certificate of members from the UNAS president Prof. Grace Bantebya.

Dr. Fredrick Edward Makumbi expressed his gratitude and commitment during his recent induction as a fellow of the Uganda National Academy of Sciences (FUNAS). “I am delighted to have been nominated and accepted as a FUNAS. I am truly appreciative and acknowledge the support of all those who have helped me, from my family to my teachers and colleagues—many of whom are here today. They have supported me and brought me to this great podium. I pledge to continue working, supporting, and promoting the health and well-being of the people of Uganda and beyond through science, as well as mentoring others to ensure a sustainable generation that can uphold the health and well-being of Uganda and beyond. I am glad to be here, and thank you very much,” Dr. Makumbi stated.

Dr. David Musoke is a promising researcher and Senior Lecturer in the Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health at Makerere University’s School of Public Health. He serves as the Chair of the Grants and Research Capacity Building Committee and is the President Elect of the International Federation of Environmental Health (IFEH).

Dr. David Musoke receives a certificate and fellowship membership instruments shortly after oath taking. Four Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) faculty induction into the 2024 Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) fellowship, 1st November 2024, Four Points by Sheraton, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. David Musoke receives a certificate and fellowship membership instruments shortly after oath taking.

“I am really delighted and humbled to be joining this elite class of academics and scholars as a fellow of UNAS. It is an honor to join many of my mentors from over the years, including my very own father, who is also a fellow of UNAS and is here today, Prof. Miph Musoke. I wish to thank my family—my parents, wife, and children—for all their support, as well as the research teams we have worked with,” said Dr. David Musoke.

Adding that; “I also extend my gratitude to my mentors from the university, Professor David Serwadda and Professor Rhoda Wanyenze, for nominating me, along with all the others who have contributed throughout this journey, including funders, collaborators, the community, and everyone else we work with. I look forward to serving in this capacity and upholding the goals and aims of UNAS, especially in the field of Environmental Health and Community Health.”

Professor Guwatudde, a lead investigator in two national surveys assessing non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in his country—first in 2014 and again in 2023—expressed his commitment to tackling NCDs as he was recognized by the Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS).

“I would like to thank the UNAS council, the secretariat, and all members for accepting me as a member,” Prof. Guwatudde said.

Professor Guwatudde delivers his appreciation message after being inducted a FUNAS. Four Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) faculty induction into the 2024 Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) fellowship, 1st November 2024, Four Points by Sheraton, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Professor Guwatudde delivers his appreciation message after being inducted a FUNAS.

“I pledge to contribute in the area of non-communicable diseases. We have conducted extensive research in this country, giving us a clear picture of the NCD burden, a reality that affects us all. I would be glad to share this insight with fellow members,” added Guwatudde.

National academies worldwide provide neutral platforms for experts across disciplines to tackle societal challenges and clarify emerging issues in science, technology, and policy. These institutions play a crucial role in preparing for and responding to global threats such as pandemics. Since its inception, the Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) has been led by four presidents: Prof. Paul Mugambi (2000-2014), Prof. Nelson Sewankambo (2014-2019), Prof. Peter Mugyenyi (2019-2022), and, since October 2022, Prof. Grace Bantebya-Kyomuhendo, a Professor of Women and Gender Studies at Makerere University—the first female head of the academy.

Prof. Bantebya extended her congratulations to the newly inducted fellows. She emphasized the responsibilities UNAS fellows carry, including upholding the academy’s constitution and contributing to its vision, mission, and objectives. “Our fellows play a critical role in advancing the academy’s goals, and their dedication is vital to our impact on science and policy,” Prof. Bantebya stated.

Prof. Grace Bantebya-Kyomuhendo, a Professor of Women and Gender Studies at Makerere University— and the first female head of the academy in a photo with Prof. David Guwatudde. Four Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) faculty induction into the 2024 Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) fellowship, 1st November 2024, Four Points by Sheraton, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Grace Bantebya-Kyomuhendo, a Professor of Women and Gender Studies at Makerere University— and the first female head of the academy in a photo with Prof. David Guwatudde.

“Remain academically active. Please listen to that. In meaningful pursuit of academic excellence in your respective areas of expertise. Do not say that now that you have become a fellow, you will stop being academically active. We expect you to continue,” she emphasised.

She also called on the fellows to actively participate in the academy’s conventions, consensus-building efforts, and other activities. Prof. Bantebya emphasized the importance of consensus studies to the academy’s mission, urging fellows to make themselves available when called upon.

“Ensure high standards of conduct based on national and international best practices. We expect you to maintain and ensure high standards yourselves and foster good relations among members as well as with the academy, the general science community, and the public. You also need to meet all the obligations as a fellow of UNAS, whether financial or otherwise, as stipulated,” the Academy President said

A fellow may lose their membership in the academy if they act against the UNAS constitution or bring disrepute to its goals, name, or vision. Membership can also be terminated if a member is convicted by a competent court or authority of a felony or serious crime, or if they are declared bankrupt or of unsound mind.

UNAS’s mission is to foster the welfare and prosperity of the Ugandan people by generating, sharing, and utilizing robust knowledge and insights to deliver independent, merit-based scientific counsel to government and society. As part of the global scientific community, UNAS maintains strong ties with the Network of African Science Academies (NASAC), Network of Science Academies in Islamic Countries (NASIC), the U.S. National Academies, IAP, and TWAS.

The 2024 Fellows of the Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) shortly after induction. Four Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) faculty induction into the 2024 Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) fellowship, 1st November 2024, Four Points by Sheraton, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
The 2024 Fellows of the Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) shortly after induction.

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Davidson Ndyabahika

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MakSPH 2024 Annual Report

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Partners from the Ministry of Health, WHO, and Makerere University leadership, including Council Chairperson Ms. Lorna Magara, Vice Chancellor Prof. Barnabas Nawangwe, and Dean Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze, join the Minister of Health in cutting the MakSPH@70 anniversary cake. 13th December 2024, MakSPH Auditorium, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

It is with great pride and gratitude that I present the 2024 Annual Report of the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH). The past twelve months have been a time of remarkable achievements, significant progress, and renewed commitment to shaping the future of public health.

This report captures some of the highlights that reflect the resilience, innovation, and impact that define our community. 2024 was both an extraordinary and transformative year. We successfully concluded our strategic plan and launched a bold new five-year roadmap (2025–2030), positioning us to respond swiftly to the evolving public health landscape.

The year was especially productive—marked by impactful research, evidence generation, and strengthened partnerships across Uganda, the African region, and globally. Our work continued to demonstrate that we do not simply publish findings—we produce evidence that shapes national policy, informs practice, and addresses real-world public health challenges.

I am deeply privileged to lead this vibrant community of educators, researchers, students, and partners. I extend my sincere appreciation to my colleagues for their exceptional commitment—whether delivering outstanding education, driving research and innovation, or creating an inclusive and welcoming environment. I also thank Makerere University Council, the University Management, , our students, alumni, and partners for their unwavering support; each plays a vital role in advancing our mission.

Despite a challenging global context, we look ahead with great optimism. We have equipped our staff and students with the skills and resilience to thrive amidst uncertainty. In 2024, we celebrated 70 years of impact—seven decades of transformative contributions to public health in Uganda, the region, and beyond. Our legacy in HIV/AIDS research, family planning, maternal and child health, infectious disease control (including COVID-19, TB, and malaria), and health systems strengthening is profound.

MakSPH remains a powerhouse of research at Makerere University, consistently attracting nearly half of the University’s research grants. In the past five years, we have worked in collaboration with universities and research institutions across 25 countries in Arfrica and established strong global partnerships, reinforcing our role as a leader in public health innovation and capacity building.

A landmark achievement was our transition into a standalone School in January 2025, following approval by the Makerere University Council. This new status heralds a transformative phase—enabling us to expand our reach, deepen our impact, and respond with agility to contemporary public health challenges.

In line with this growth, we launched our taught PhD program—designed for early-career and mid-career professionals, as well as strategic level leaders, seeking to strengthen their skills in public health research and leadership.

The School is undertaking a major infrastructure project, the construction of our new home at Makerere Main Campus—which is steadily taking shape into a premier centre for public health training, research, and community engagement. This investment will strengthen our capacity to deliver impact in Uganda, and beyond. We hope that the building will ease the critical space needs for our staff, students, and partners. We are grateful to all individuals, agencies, government bodies, and partners who have supported this transformative endeavor. We warmly welcome further support to help us complete this important project and advance public health for generations to come.

As we move forward, our resolve remains steadfast: to shape health outcomes, empower future generations, and strengthen the resilience of communities across Africa and beyond. We thank you for your continued support to Makerere University and the School of Public Health in particular. Together, we are shaping health, empowering the future, and building a brighter tomorrow.

Dr. Rhoda Wanyenze
Professor and Dean, School of Public Health, Makerere University

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TB in Prisons Eight Times Higher Risk than General Population in Uganda, Study

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L-R: Mr. Samuel Akena, Deputy Commissioner General of Prisons; Dr. Simon Kasasa, the Principal Investigator; Dr. Charles Olaro, Director General of Health Services, MoH; and Professor Rhoda Wanyenze, the Dean, School of Public Health, at the launch of the survey. Release of findings of Uganda National Prevalence Survey on Tuberculosis, HIV, and COVID-19 conducted by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in conjunction with the Uganda Prisons Services (UPS) and the Ministry of Health—with funding from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and technical support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), 15th May 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Nearly half of Uganda’s prison population has latent tuberculosis (TB), according to the latest Uganda National Prevalence Survey on Tuberculosis, HIV, and COVID-19. The survey, released on May 15, 2025, found that active TB cases in prisons stand at 1,900 per 100,000—eight times higher than in the general population.

The survey was conducted by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in conjunction with the Uganda Prisons Services (UPS) and the Ministry of Health—with funding from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and technical support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC)—and purposed to have a more profound understanding of TB to help inform public health programs for this high-risk population.

Dr. Simon Kasasa, a Senior Lecturer at MakSPH and Principal Investigator of this study, stressed that “staying for a longer duration, three years and above, posed a greater risk to TB infection in prison.” He also noted TB infection was much higher among male prisoners (48%) compared to female prisoners (38%) and among those of older age, 65 years and above. Meanwhile, the report noted concerns about excessive numbers in prisons as a key risk factor for TB transmission.

Dr. Simon Kasasa, a Senior Lecturer at MakSPH and Principal Investigator of this study presenting the findings. Release of findings of Uganda National Prevalence Survey on Tuberculosis, HIV, and COVID-19 conducted by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in conjunction with the Uganda Prisons Services (UPS) and the Ministry of Health—with funding from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and technical support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), 15th May 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Simon Kasasa, a Senior Lecturer at MakSPH and Principal Investigator of this study presenting the findings.

UPS consists of 257 prisons spread over 16 administrative regions with an average prisoner population of 56,400 (95% male), accommodation capacity of 16,612 (340%), and 9,904 staff (29% female).

HIV prevalence among prisoners was also alarmingly high at 11%, twice that of the general population. Notably, female persons in prison (PIP) had the highest HIV rates at 21%, compared to 11% for male PIP and just 2% among prison staff. However, the data also showed a significant drop in overall HIV prevalence within prisons, falling from 15% in 2013 to 11% in 2023, with the most dramatic decline among staff, from 12% to 2%.

A section of officers keenly follows proceedings. Release of findings of Uganda National Prevalence Survey on Tuberculosis, HIV, and COVID-19 conducted by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in conjunction with the Uganda Prisons Services (UPS) and the Ministry of Health—with funding from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and technical support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), 15th May 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
A section of officers keenly follows proceedings.

Dr. George Tumusinze, a Program Manager and Research Associate, pointed out that although 92% of people with HIV in prisons know their status and 99% are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), only 70% have successfully reduced the virus in their bodies, highlighting important issues with how well the treatment is working.

Dr. George Tumusinze, a Program Manager and Research Associate presenting results of HIV prevalence and burden in Uganda Prisons. Release of findings of Uganda National Prevalence Survey on Tuberculosis, HIV, and COVID-19 conducted by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in conjunction with the Uganda Prisons Services (UPS) and the Ministry of Health—with funding from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and technical support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), 15th May 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. George Tumusinze, a Program Manager and Research Associate presenting results of HIV prevalence and burden in Uganda Prisons.

Mr. Samuel Akena, the Deputy Commissioner General of Prisons, echoed these concerns by stating that the survey represents a significant milestone for the Prisons, not only in terms of data collection but also in Uganda’s journey towards achieving equity, justice, and the right to health for all. “This survey is historic. It represents one of the most comprehensive efforts to understand the health status of people in prisons in Uganda.” He emphasized the necessity of a collective and bold response, urging that “the time for piecemeal responses is over.”

Dr. Charles Olaro, Director General of Health Services at the Ministry of Health, emphasized the urgency of the situation, stating, “As we gather today to reflect on the findings of this important survey, we must recognize the urgent need for action in our fight against tuberculosis (TB) in Uganda. Despite our efforts, we are still grappling with the burden of this disease, and our progress toward eliminating it by 2030 has not been as swift as we had hoped.” He pointed out that the survey serves as a critical baseline that will shape future responses and guide resource allocation.

Dr. Charles Olaro, Director General of Health Services at the Ministry of Health interacts with officers of the Uganda Prisons Service, at the MakSPH Auditorium on Thursday. Release of findings of Uganda National Prevalence Survey on Tuberculosis, HIV, and COVID-19 conducted by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in conjunction with the Uganda Prisons Services (UPS) and the Ministry of Health—with funding from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and technical support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), 15th May 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Charles Olaro, Director General of Health Services at the Ministry of Health interacts with officers of the Uganda Prisons Service, at the MakSPH Auditorium on Thursday.

HIV prevalence among prison staff members was the lowest, at just 2%, reflecting a significant achievement in workplace health. Dr. Daniel Byamukama, Head of HIV Prevention at the Uganda AIDS Commission, praised prison authorities for their efforts, noting the remarkable progress over the past decade. In the first survey in 2013, only 34% of HIV-positive staff on treatment had achieved viral load suppression. Today, that figure has reached an impressive 100%, underscoring the impact of sustained prevention and care efforts.

While the prison HIV program has shown effectiveness—evidenced by a drop in prevalence from 15% to 11% among the prisoners over the past decade—Mr. Akena stressed the importance of prioritizing gender-responsive strategies in health interventions.

“Diseases do not recognize bars or borders. They thrive in environments where conditions are poor and resources are scarce. Women in prison face disproportionately higher risks, yet often remain invisible in program planning. This is not acceptable. If we are serious about health equity, we must prioritize gender-responsive strategies — within prison health systems and beyond,” Mr. Akena.

Mr. Samuel Akena, the Deputy Commissioner General of Prisons speaking at the release of results of the survey. Release of findings of Uganda National Prevalence Survey on Tuberculosis, HIV, and COVID-19 conducted by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in conjunction with the Uganda Prisons Services (UPS) and the Ministry of Health—with funding from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and technical support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), 15th May 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mr. Samuel Akena, the Deputy Commissioner General of Prisons speaking at the release of results of the survey.

CDC Uganda Director Dr. Adetinuke (Mary) Boyd reinforced the significance of the survey in addressing public health risks. “In Uganda, CDC partners are helping to ensure inmates stay healthy during custody. This work facilitates safe reintegration into their communities, mitigates disease transmission to the general population, and reduces public health risks like untreated TB,” she stated. Dr. Boyd highlighted the role of PEPFAR in tackling critical global health threats, asserting that the survey offers helpful data for enhancing health collaboration within this vulnerable population.

The U.S. CDC has been supporting Uganda Prisons Services to provide comprehensive HIV/AIDS, STI, and TB prevention, care, and treatment services for the last 15 years (2010–2025), totaling over $18,046,263 in investment—including $550,000 to this study alone, through the Makerere University School of Public Health. The program supports capacity building, scale-up, and health system strengthening efforts in HIV/TB testing, care, and support for prisoners and prison staff, plus surrounding communities.

Part of the audience follows proceedings during dissemination. Release of findings of Uganda National Prevalence Survey on Tuberculosis, HIV, and COVID-19 conducted by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in conjunction with the Uganda Prisons Services (UPS) and the Ministry of Health—with funding from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and technical support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), 15th May 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Part of the audience follows proceedings during dissemination.

With 80% of prison wards overcrowded and 95% lacking adequate natural ventilation, the conditions in which these individuals live exacerbate the spread of infectious diseases, public health specialists have warned. This survey underlines the urgent need for systemic changes within the prison health system, as well as a commitment to uphold the rights and health of all individuals, regardless of their circumstances.

As Uganda grapples with these alarming statistics, the call to action is clear. Stakeholders must come together to implement effective health interventions, improve screening and treatment protocols, and ensure that the rights of incarcerated individuals are respected. The health of the general population is inextricably linked to the health of those within prison walls, and addressing these challenges is not just a moral imperative but a public health necessity.

Professor Rhoda Wanyenze compares notes with Mr. Samuel Akena during the event. Release of findings of Uganda National Prevalence Survey on Tuberculosis, HIV, and COVID-19 conducted by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in conjunction with the Uganda Prisons Services (UPS) and the Ministry of Health—with funding from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and technical support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), 15th May 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Professor Rhoda Wanyenze compares notes with Mr. Samuel Akena during the event.

Professor Rhoda Wanyenze, one of the investigators and Dean of the School of Public Health, asserts that the Survey findings are a wake-up call for stakeholders to prioritize health equity and justice for society’s most vulnerable members.

Prof. Wanyenze advocated for improved TB screening methods and institutionalization of regular mass TB screening using the WHO-recommended advanced diagnostic tools like digital chest X-rays with Computer-Aided Detection (CAD), as well as molecular diagnostics like GeneXpert and TB LAM, noting that traditional symptom-based screening missed nearly half of TB cases. “The use of molecular diagnostics like GeneXpert significantly improved case detection in our study,” she added, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment.

Professor Rhoda Wanyenze, one of the investigators and Dean of the School of Public Health delivering her remarks. Release of findings of Uganda National Prevalence Survey on Tuberculosis, HIV, and COVID-19 conducted by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in conjunction with the Uganda Prisons Services (UPS) and the Ministry of Health—with funding from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and technical support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), 15th May 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Professor Rhoda Wanyenze, one of the investigators and Dean of the School of Public Health delivering her remarks.

Uganda Prisons Service, in partnership with the Ministry of Health, has so far installed 14 GeneXpert machines in medium- to high-volume prison health facilities.

While some, including Members of Parliament, have raised concerns about the potential infringement on individual rights through mandatory TB testing in prisons, Dr. James Kisambu, the Commissioner for Prison Health Services, noted that it is now apparent, with these findings, for everyone to appreciate that in such confined settings, the risk of transmission is extraordinarily high. TB testing in these settings is not just a medical practice but also a crucial public health precaution that protects both prisoners and the wider community.

“Prisons are high-risk, high-transmission environments where one undetected case can rapidly escalate into an outbreak. In such settings, the right to refuse testing must be weighed against the right of others to be protected from infection. Mandatory TB screening, when done with dignity and linked to prompt treatment, is not a violation of rights — it is an essential public health measure to protect both people in prison and the communities they return to,” said Dr. James Kisambu.

Dr. James Kisambu, the Commissioner for Prison Health Services speaking during a panel discussion at the dissemination and data utility meeting at the MakSPH Auditorium. Release of findings of Uganda National Prevalence Survey on Tuberculosis, HIV, and COVID-19 conducted by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in conjunction with the Uganda Prisons Services (UPS) and the Ministry of Health—with funding from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and technical support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), 15th May 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. James Kisambu, the Commissioner for Prison Health Services speaking during a panel discussion at the dissemination and data utility meeting at the MakSPH Auditorium.

The researchers from MakSPH were; Dr. Simon Kasasa, Associate Professor Esther Buregyeya, Dr. George Tumusinze, Dr. Simon Walusimbi, Dr. Dick Kasozi, Dr. Ronald Senyonga, John Baptist Bwanika, Prossy Nabaterega and Professor Rhoda Wanyenze.

Additionally, the study team from the Uganda Prisons Service comprised of Dr. Leonard Marungu, Charles Butagasa, Dr. James Kisambu and Dr. Johnson Byabashaiza, the Commissioner General of Prisons.

Finally, Dr. Deus Lukoye, Dr. Julius Ssempiira, Charles Kavuma, Rise Nakityo, Samuel Sendagala, Grace Nantege, Lisa Mills, Dr. Lisa Nelson, Kenneth Mwambi from U.S. CDC Uganda/Atlanta and PEPFAR USG agencies, and George William Kasule, Didas Tugumisirize, Dr. Simon Muchuro, Professor Moses Joloba, Dr. Turyahabwe Stavia from the Uganda Ministry of Health National TB and Leprosy Program (NTLP) completed the team.

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MakSPH Champions Leadership Boost for Wakiso Health Managers

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A group photo of delegates during the Leadership and Management dissemination workshop on April 23, 2025. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) disseminating outcomes of a major leadership and management strengthening initiative in Wakiso District, Central Uganda. The one-year project, part of the Global Health Partnerships programme funded by NHS England implemented in collaboration with Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakiso District Local Government, and Uganda’s Ministry of Health, 23rd April 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Kampala, East Africa.

On April 23, 2025, Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) convened district leaders, health managers, and project partners to disseminate the outcomes of a major leadership and management strengthening initiative in Wakiso District, Central Uganda. The one-year project, part of the Global Health Partnerships programme funded by NHS England, was implemented in collaboration with Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakiso District Local Government, and Uganda’s Ministry of Health.

Launched in 2024, the project titled Strengthening Leadership and Management Among Local Government Health Managers in Wakiso District, aimed to co-design and pilot a leadership and management training tailored to the realities of Uganda’s decentralised health system. The intervention, led by Makerere University’s Dr. David Musoke and Nottingham Trent University’s Prof. Linda Gibson, through the over 15-year-old NTU-Mak Partnership impacting lives in Wakiso, began with a field visit to over 60 public health facilities in the district, a needs assessment within these facilities to identify key priority gaps, and a baseline survey with the health in-charges to establish the initial status of key indicators.

“We have been very fortunate to work with a supportive local government in Wakiso, from the top leadership down. While many projects struggle to engage district teams, our longstanding relationship with Wakiso made collaboration seamless. Although this was our first initiative specifically focused on leadership and management, we hope it will serve as a stepping stone for even more impactful work in the future,” Dr. David Musoke, a Senior Lecturer at Makerere University and the Uganda Project Lead, said during the dissemination workshop, highlighting the key success factors for the leadership and management project.

Dr. David Musoke speaking during the dissemination workshop on April 23, 2025. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) disseminating outcomes of a major leadership and management strengthening initiative in Wakiso District, Central Uganda. The one-year project, part of the Global Health Partnerships programme funded by NHS England implemented in collaboration with Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakiso District Local Government, and Uganda’s Ministry of Health, 23rd April 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Kampala, East Africa.
Dr. David Musoke speaking during the dissemination workshop on April 23, 2025.

Initial results from the needs assessment and baseline on leadership and management competencies conducted among Wakiso District health facility supervisors early last year by the project team and shared during the three-day workshop in June 2024, held in Kampala, which kickstarted the six-month structured fellowship programme for 53 health managers in Wakiso, had found critical capacity gaps. Using a tool evaluating 17 leadership and 33 management competencies, only 40% of the managers met the 80% benchmark for leadership, scoring highest in cognitive skills, while just 33% met the required management standard, performing best in self-management and lowest in quality management.

Then, the health facility managers with postgraduate training, longer service, and strong team dynamics, showed overall better performance. While working relationships with subordinates and the district leadership were largely positive, performance was hampered by systemic challenges such as limited resources, low motivation, and weak teamwork. Overall, the study also pointed to a misalignment of expectations between the District Local Government and the Health Ministry, underscoring the need to strengthen coordination to improve services.

The result of this mismatch was to the effect that, as of this time last year, Wakiso District ranked among the bottom 10 on the national health league table, which is an annual Ministry of Health assessment of district performance across key service delivery and patient satisfaction indicators. This was despite Wakiso being Uganda’s most populous district, with over 3.4 million residents today, as it continued to struggle to deliver essential health services to the public. The 2022/2023 Annual Health Sector Performance Report also flagged persistent challenges, including frequent transfers of facility in-charges, overstretched management structures, and weak internal communication and coordination.

A group photo with the Wakiso district health managers during the dissemination workshop on April 23, 2025. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) disseminating outcomes of a major leadership and management strengthening initiative in Wakiso District, Central Uganda. The one-year project, part of the Global Health Partnerships programme funded by NHS England implemented in collaboration with Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakiso District Local Government, and Uganda’s Ministry of Health, 23rd April 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Kampala, East Africa.
A group photo with the Wakiso district health managers during the dissemination workshop on April 23, 2025.

It was this stark reality that informed the leadership and management intervention in Wakiso. Officiating the dissemination of the project outcomes, Dr. Sarah Byakika, Commissioner for Planning, Financing, and Policy at the Ministry of Health and a member of the National Oversight Mechanism for the programme, commended the remarkable progress made in just six months, citing visible improvements across the district as a direct result of the intervention.

“I have been involved with this programme right from its inception, and I’m proud that Uganda became one of its major beneficiaries,” Dr. Byakika said with gratitude, commending the strong collaboration between the Ministry of Health, Makerere University, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham University Hospitals, Wakiso District and the development partners for supporting the initiative. She emphasised the value of this partnership in strengthening leadership and management competencies among Wakiso District health managers to address critical performance gaps in health service delivery.

Dr. Sarah Byakika awarding a certificate to the Cohort President, Mr. Mathias Sserwanga, the In-charge of Namulonge Health Centre III in Nansana Municipality during the workshop on April 23, 2025. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) disseminating outcomes of a major leadership and management strengthening initiative in Wakiso District, Central Uganda. The one-year project, part of the Global Health Partnerships programme funded by NHS England implemented in collaboration with Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakiso District Local Government, and Uganda’s Ministry of Health, 23rd April 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Kampala, East Africa.
Dr. Sarah Byakika awarding a certificate to the Cohort President, Mr. Mathias Sserwanga, the In-charge of Namulonge Health Centre III in Nansana Municipality during the workshop on April 23, 2025.

“Wakiso is Uganda’s largest and most populous district, yet it has long underperformed on key health indices. Despite its semi-urban nature, it faces enormous health service delivery challenges, partly due to the overwhelming burden on its District Health Officer, who oversees more than 60 public and over 340 private health facilities. Many of these private facilities open and close frequently, complicating service oversight,” Dr. Byakika observed with concern.

Her sentiments were echoed by the District Health Officer, Dr. Emmanuel Mukisa, in a message delivered by Wakiso District Biostatistician, Mr. Frank Kakande. He noted that the project had contributed to a noticeable shift in the district’s health system performance, with visible improvements in leadership, communication, and accountability among facility in-charges beginning to translate into better overall health service delivery outcomes.

“You cannot talk about management without addressing performance: they go hand in hand. As someone who sits at the centre of district health data, I can confidently say that performance has improved. During the most recent national local government performance assessment, where I participated in the evaluation, Wakiso District’s health department ranked 18th out of 146 districts. That health ranking is a major achievement. We have consistently performed poorly in the past, but this time, we made significant progress,” Mr. Kakande told the attentive audience, speaking with an air of relief and satisfaction.

Mr. Kakande speaking during the dissemination event at Makerere University School of Public Health on April 23, 2025. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) disseminating outcomes of a major leadership and management strengthening initiative in Wakiso District, Central Uganda. The one-year project, part of the Global Health Partnerships programme funded by NHS England implemented in collaboration with Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakiso District Local Government, and Uganda’s Ministry of Health, 23rd April 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Kampala, East Africa.
Mr. Kakande speaking during the dissemination event at Makerere University School of Public Health on April 23, 2025.

The Wakiso District Biostatistician credited part of this progress within the district, from the poor performance last year, to the leadership training and mentorship delivered through the project, citing visible improvements across key health indicators. He stressed the need to sustain this momentum through continued mentorship, internal capacity strengthening, and consistent application of the skills acquired by health managers, particularly in tackling persistent management challenges such as absenteeism, delegation, and accountability.

Last week, I held a performance review at Kakiri Health Centre III, and the improvements were clear. These management skills are making a difference. You can see the change across indicators. But what matters now is sustainability. The support provided through supervision and mentorship was essential. But it’s up to us to keep the fire burning. We have learned a lot: communication skills, problem-solving, time management, and decision-making. Managers are now communicating better. Even issues like absenteeism are being addressed through proper reporting and action,” Mr. Kakande said.

Earlier, Dr. Musoke, presenting the overall project overview and success, explained that based on initial findings from the baseline and needs assessment, the team co-designed and delivered a structured six-month capacity-building programme targeting 60 health facility in-charges in Wakiso District. The programme blended in-person and virtual sessions, combining practical training with one-on-one mentorship, and included an exchange component between Uganda and the UK to promote international exposure and peer learning. This allowed the health managers to apply new skills to strengthen health outcomes in Wakiso.

“This project rightly focused on addressing gaps in leadership and management. I advocated for including this component in the programme, because our national health review missions consistently show that poor performance often stems from weak leadership and management,” Dr. Byakika affirmed, adding that: “I am pleased to see that nearly all public facilities in Wakiso participated. While the project had a short implementation window, the evaluation already shows encouraging results. Health managers feel more empowered, motivated, and aware of their roles. That’s a significant step.”  

For her part, Dr. Sheba Gitta, Uganda Country Director for Global Health Partnerships, formerly Tropical Health and Education Trust, applauded the leadership and management capacity-building initiative in Wakiso as a timely, locally driven intervention. She underscored the value of two-way learning between Uganda and the UK health systems through the programme, noting that Global Health Partnerships works closely with the Ministry of Health to ensure all funded initiatives align with Uganda’s national development priorities.

Dr. Sheba Gitta (right) sharing with Prof. Linda Gibson during the dissemination workshop on April 23, 2025. Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) disseminating outcomes of a major leadership and management strengthening initiative in Wakiso District, Central Uganda. The one-year project, part of the Global Health Partnerships programme funded by NHS England implemented in collaboration with Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakiso District Local Government, and Uganda’s Ministry of Health, 23rd April 2025, MakSPH Auditorium, Kampala, East Africa.
Dr. Sheba Gitta (right) sharing with Prof. Linda Gibson during the dissemination workshop on April 23, 2025.

“What excites me most is that this was not a pre-packaged programme imported from the UK. The training was co-created by partners, based on local realities and needs. That approach reflects strong collaboration between Makerere University School of Public Health and Nottingham Trent University. I thank Prof. Linda Gibson for her continued commitment and Dr. David Musoke for his proactive leadership in bringing this programme to life. Your consistency and quality of work continue to stand out,” Dr. Gitta shared.

While commending the progress made, she cautioned against “pilotism”, as a tendency for promising projects to end prematurely, calling for the model to be scaled up nationally. To support sustainability, she stressed the importance of documenting the training process, outcomes, and costs to inform ministry-level decision-making and long-term adoption.

Dr. Gitta joined Prof. Linda Gibson, the UK Lead for the Project, to encourage the trained managers to become champions of leadership within their facilities and districts, ensuring that the impact of the programme endures beyond its current cycle. She also thanked NHS England and the UK Government for their trust and investment in Uganda’s health system.

John Okeya

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