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IDI launches the Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security in Africa

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On 27th November 2025 the Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveiled the second cohort of fellows—marking a significant step forward in strengthening global health security across the region. The cohort brings together five exceptional emerging scientists whose research areas reflect the continent’s most urgent health priorities. They include Mr. Dickson Aruhomukama in Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR); Dr. Rodgers Ayebare in Case Management, Infection Prevention and Control; Mr. Julius Okwir in Epidemic Intelligence and Community Health; Dr. Robert Zavuga in Vaccines and Medical Counter Measures; and Ms. Phionah Tushabe in Planetary Health, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH). Their selection marks a new chapter in nurturing homegrown expertise capable of safeguarding Africa’s health systems for generations to come.

The Acting Vice Chancellor, Prof. Sarah Ssali while presiding over the event emphasized the significance of launching the Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security as a milestone not only for IDI but for Makerere University and the continent at large. She highlighted the urgency of strengthening Africa’s capacity to predict, prevent, and respond to emerging epidemics, noting the rapid rise in zoonotic disease outbreaks and the persistent weaknesses exposed by crises like Ebola and COVID-19. She celebrated the legacy of Prof. Nelson Sewankambo and the scholars shaped by his leadership, stressing that the program embodies the university’s commitment to producing transformative health leaders grounded in multidisciplinary expertise and One Health principles.

Prof. Sarah Ssali. Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveils second cohort of PhD Fellows and launch of Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security, 27th November 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Sarah Ssali.

She also called for stronger collaboration across colleges—particularly with the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB)’s Center for Biosecurity and the College of Health Sciences (CHS) to ensure that scarce scientific resources are fully utilized and that future health professionals are prepared for an evolving global landscape. In closing, she reaffirmed Makerere University’s dedication to advancing research excellence, nurturing responsible stewardship, and upholding the values that define the Sewankambo legacy.

Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi. Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveils second cohort of PhD Fellows and launch of Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security, 27th November 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi.

The Academic Registrar Prof. Buyinza Mukadasi also conveyed his heartfelt congratulations to IDI and Prof. Nelson Sewankambo upon this remarkable milestone. He reflected on his recent engagements with the Institute—most notably the launch of the African Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics—and expressed his admiration for the world-class research emerging from IDI, including publications in leading journals such as The Lancet and Nature. He noted that Makerere takes great pride in IDI’s work across multiple initiatives, from THRiVE to ongoing research collaborations, and wished the newly launched fellows a rewarding and impactful journey in research.

The Deputy Principal CHS, Prof. Richard Idro congratulated the new cohort and welcomed them into what he fondly referred to as “the cookhouse,” where future scientific leaders are shaped. Drawing from his own formative encounters with Prof. Nelson Sewankambo, he reflected on the deep mentorship culture that has defined generations of clinicians and researchers at Makerere—sharing stories of being challenged, supported, and pushed toward excellence. He reminded the fellows that their research will influence health policy and clinical practice far beyond individual patients, carrying long-term implications for national and global health.

Prof. Richard Idro. Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveils second cohort of PhD Fellows and launch of Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security, 27th November 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Richard Idro.

Prof. Idro also acknowledged the critical challenges facing clinical disciplines, especially the constraints of promotion pathways that disadvantage highly skilled specialists without PhDs. He appealed for reforms to safeguard the future of key fields like anesthesia and surgery. Closing his remarks, he celebrated the College’s 100-year legacy, expressed gratitude for the university’s continued support, and invited alumni and partners to contribute ideas that will shape the next century of innovation, training, and service.

Dr. Charles Olaro, the Director General of Health Services, highlighted the essential role of academia in strengthening Uganda’s global health security, noting how recent outbreaks—from COVID-19 to Ebola—have revealed both the country’s progress and remaining gaps. He emphasized that programs like the Sewankambo Training Program are vital for building resilient health systems, advancing research, and shaping policies that can respond swiftly and effectively to public health threats.

Dr. Charles Olaro. Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveils second cohort of PhD Fellows and launch of Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security, 27th November 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Charles Olaro.

Reflecting on the strong collaboration between the Ministry of Health and institutions such as Makerere University and IDI, he pointed out how research emerging from academia continually informs national policy, including work presented at recent conferences on non-communicable diseases and community health. Dr. Olaro congratulated the new cohort, reminding them that their work carries significant responsibility, as their research and leadership will influence health outcomes far beyond individual clinical care. He also underscored the need for stronger regional capacity, improved emergency response systems, and sustained mentorship to ensure that communities across Uganda—and the region—benefit from timely, coordinated outbreak preparedness.

In his address, Prof. Nelson Sewankambo commended the achievements of the first cohort and challenged the new fellows to uphold—and even surpass—the high standards already set. Reflecting on the rigorous selection process, he reminded the cohort that they were chosen because they demonstrated exceptional promise in a highly competitive field. He noted that the launch of this program comes at a particularly critical moment, as Africa CDC has just established a new Division for Health Security and Sovereignty, even as global financing for health research continues to decline. This, he said, makes the commitment to sustaining the program both bold and necessary.

Prof. Nelson Sewankambo. Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveils second cohort of PhD Fellows and launch of Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security, 27th November 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Nelson Sewankambo.

Prof. Sewankambo also addressed concerns about the future of clinical scholars at Makerere, arguing that rigid promotion policies risk driving away talented specialists who are vital to the university’s mission. Emphasizing that “it is wise people who change direction when it is necessary,” he urged university leadership to protect pathways that allow clinicians to grow, serve, and undertake PhDs without being pushed out of the system. His message underscored both the responsibility carried by the new fellows and the collective duty to safeguard the future of medical education and research.

Dr. Andrew Kambugu, Executive Director (ED) of IDI, warmly welcomed all guests and reflected on the Institute’s long-standing culture of adaptation and innovation in response to Africa’s evolving health challenges. He celebrated the presence of Prof. Nelson Sewankambo—honoring his legacy as a founder, mentor, and active research collaborator—and acknowledged the strength of Cohort One as a living example of what the program can produce.

Dr. Andrew Kambugu. Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveils second cohort of PhD Fellows and launch of Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security, 27th November 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Andrew Kambugu.

The ED emphasized that the Sewankambo Program stands on three pillars: rigorous selection, structured support with clear accountability, and strong alignment with national health priorities. He reminded the new fellows that IDI itself was born from the principle “adapt or perish,” and urged them to carry forward that spirit as they confront emerging threats like antimicrobial resistance and disease outbreaks across the continent. He also reflected on the power of mentorship, sharing personal experiences that illustrated how deeply mentorship can shape a scientific career. In closing, he expressed confidence that the five new fellows will honor the name they bear and continue building a legacy that inspires future generations.

Prof. Harriet Mayanja-Kizza reminded the newly selected fellows that while this achievement is significant, it marks only the beginning of a demanding but deeply meaningful journey. She expressed pride in the diversity of the cohort—drawn from ten African countries—and noted with delight that one of the brightest candidates emerged from the smallest country represented.

Prof. Harriet Mayanja-Kizza. Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveils second cohort of PhD Fellows and launch of Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security, 27th November 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Harriet Mayanja-Kizza.

Reflecting on the evolution of impactful careers, she encouraged young people to embrace emerging fields such as bioinformatics, biotechnology, AI, molecular biology, and biostatistics, which she believes will define the future of science and global health. Prof. Mayanja spoke passionately about the diseases the fellows will tackle, highlighting the severe threat of antimicrobial resistance, the persistent burden of malaria, the dangers of resurfacing viral infections, and the transformative power of immunization. She urged the fellows to stay grounded, stay committed, and embrace the modern, data-driven tools now shaping global health research. In closing, she celebrated their potential to make a global impact and welcomed them formally into a field where their work will shape healthier futures for generations to come.

Prof. Ponsiano Ochama, one of the pioneers from the first cohort, reflected on the journey of the Sewankambo clinical scholarship from its early days in the “cookhouse” to the strong, structured program it has become. He recounted how the scholarship began as a mentorship-driven initiative aimed at nurturing future researchers and how sustained advocacy eventually removed barriers that once limited clinical scholars’ progression.

Prof. Ponsiano Ochama. Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveils second cohort of PhD Fellows and launch of Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security, 27th November 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Prof. Ponsiano Ochama.

Prof. Ochama shared the impactful work he and his colleagues have since undertaken—highlighting, for example, a national study on hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission that shaped recent Ministry of Health policy. He encouraged the incoming cohort to embrace the program fully, assuring them that the “cookhouse” experience will transform them into strong, skilled scientists whose work will influence health policy and improve lives across the country.

Dr. Byonanebye Dathan, Deputy Head of the Global Health Security Department, outlined the strong rationale behind the Sewankambo Global Health Security Program, noting Africa’s rising burden of zoonotic and viral hemorrhagic fevers and the continent’s limited capacity for early detection and response. He emphasized that despite competing health priorities—HIV, TB, malaria, maternal health—there remain significant gaps in surveillance systems, workforce capacity, and research preparedness.

Dr. Byonanebye Dathan. Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveils second cohort of PhD Fellows and launch of Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security, 27th November 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Byonanebye Dathan.

The program, he said, is designed to fill these gaps by strengthening research training, developing a skilled outbreak response workforce, and building a network of experts across Africa capable of generating evidence that directly informs policy and improves health systems. Dr. Dathan highlighted the rigorous selection process, the program’s alignment with WHO and national public health frameworks, and its integration of emerging technologies such as AI and machine learning. He affirmed that the fellows will receive structured mentorship, leadership development, and hands-on experience using existing data and real-world outbreak response systems—ensuring that their work leads not only to publications, but to meaningful impact across the continent.

Dr. Francis Kakooza, Acting Head of Global Health Security, traced the remarkable evolution of IDI’s Global Health Security work over the past decade, from its early CDC-funded surveillance efforts in 2015 to its expansion into biosecurity, AMR, epidemic research, policy development, and regional outbreak support. He highlighted IDI’s role in major national initiatives—including COVID-19 response, vaccination rollouts, risk management, lab accreditation, and the establishment of Regional Emergency Operations Centers—as well as its growing continental footprint through partnerships with Africa CDC, Mastercard Foundation, and Resolve to Save Lives.

Dr. Francis Kakooza (Centre) joins officials in cutting cake to celebrate the launch. Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveils second cohort of PhD Fellows and launch of Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security, 27th November 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Francis Kakooza (Centre) joins officials in cutting cake to celebrate the launch.

Dr. Kakooza emphasized that the launch of the Prof. Nelson Sewankambo Global Health Security PhD Program is the culmination of years of investment in strengthening African research capacity and supporting fellows whose work is already shaping policy. He expressed gratitude to all partners, mentors, and leaders who contributed to the program’s development, acknowledged the rigorous selection that yielded five fellows from ten countries, and reaffirmed IDI’s commitment to nurturing a new generation of scientists equipped to protect the continent from infectious disease threats.

Cohort 2 PhD fellows cut cake as officials applaud. Makerere University Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) unveils second cohort of PhD Fellows and launch of Sewankambo Training Program for Global Health Security, 27th November 2025, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Cohort 2 PhD fellows cut cake as officials applaud.

Eve Nakyanzi

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Course Announcement: Certificate in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (CWASH) – 2026

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Graduands of the 2025 Certificate Course in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (CWASH) pose for a group photo at the Makerere University School of Public Health, following the successful completion of the short course in July 2025. Makerere University School of Public Health, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Update: Application deadline extended to 30th April 2026

Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) is pleased to announce the Certificate Course in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (CWASH) – 2026.

This intensive and practical short course is designed to strengthen the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of professionals involved in the planning, implementation, and management of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) services. The programme responds to the growing demand for competent WASH practitioners in local government, non-governmental organisations, and the private sector.

Course Highlights

  • Duration: 8 weeks (01 June – 24 July 2026)
  • Mode: Day programme (classroom-based learning and field attachment)
  • Fees:
    • UGX 900,000 (Ugandans / East African Community)
    • USD 500 (International participants)
  • Application deadline: Thursday, 30 April 2026

Who Should Apply?

  • Practising officers in the WASH sector
  • Environmental Health workers seeking Continuous Professional Development (CPD)
  • Applicants with at least UACE (or equivalent) and one year of WASH-related work experience

More Information

Additional details on course structure, modules, and delivery are available at: https://sph.mak.ac.ug/academics/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-wash

Important Note for Applicants

Attached to this announcement, interested persons will find:

  1. The course flier, providing comprehensive programme details, and
  2. The application form, which should be completed and returned to MakSPH together with the required supporting documents.

For full course details, application procedures, and contact information, please carefully review the attached documents. Eligible and interested applicants are strongly encouraged to apply before the deadline and take advantage of this opportunity to build practical competence in WASH service delivery.

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Makerere’s Quiet Case for Investment in Public Health Infrastructure

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Side elevation of the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Phase II complex under construction on the Main Campus. Construction of Phase II of the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Complex, Eastern Gate, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Makerere’s School of Public Health (MakSPH) is expanding faster than it can house itself. It now hosts more than 1,000 students, runs programmes across multiple countries, and anchors a large share of the University’s research output. Yet parts of its operation still spill into rented space, costing over $113,000 a year, because the infrastructure has not kept pace with its growth.

That constraint sits uneasily with the School’s economic weight. Health research accounts for more than half of Makerere University’s academic output, making it one of the University’s most productive engines. As Vice Chancellor Barnabas Nawangwe put it, “An educated population is a healthy population, and an educated and healthy population is a prosperous population.”

Beyond the university, health is not just a social outcome but a driver of economic performance. Healthier populations are more productive, more resilient, and less costly to sustain. Investments in public health, whether in prevention, systems, or infrastructure, raise an economy’s productive capacity, not just improve outcomes.

A construction worker undertakes metal fabrication works at the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) building site. Construction of Phase II of the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Complex, Eastern Gate, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
A construction worker undertakes metal fabrication works at the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) building site.

Institutions that generate public health knowledge and train professionals are not peripheral to growth; they are part of its foundation.

It is this logic that is shaping how Makerere’s School of Public Health is positioning itself. At its centre is a new, unfinished complex on the University’s main campus, intended to anchor the School’s next phase as a regional hub for research, training, and policy support. But like much of the system it supports, it is being built gradually, in a “build-as-you-go” approach constrained as much by funding realities as by design.


Construction of Phase II of the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Complex, Eastern Gate, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Construction of Phase II of the MakSPH complex is now at an advanced stage, with progress recorded across all sections of the site. As of March 2026, Phase 2B is nearing completion at 98%, while Phase 2A stands at 89%, and Phase 2C at 69%, each tracking close to or slightly ahead of planned targets. Current works are concentrated on interior finishes—including tiling, terrazzo installation, and external rendering—as well as preparations for lift installation, signaling a transition from structural works to final detailing. The project team is working toward a practical completion date of August 31, 2026, with timelines calibrated to align with broader resource flows and implementation considerations.

Construction of Phase II of the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Complex, Eastern Gate, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Six years ago, in February 2020, construction began on what will be the new home of the School of Public Health. The building, a permanent, purpose-built public health facility on Makerere’s main campus, will accommodate a growing student body, provide space for doctoral and postdoctoral fellows, and strengthen the University’s ability to respond to Africa’s most pressing public health challenges.

Professor David Serwadda, Professor Emeritus at Makerere University and Chair of the MakSPH Infrastructure Fundraising Committee, said the construction journey reflects the School’s “ambition, intent, and courage”—a bold step despite limited resources. He was speaking at a public lecture on health financing held at Makerere University on April 9, 2026.

But the ambition behind the project is not modest. “We are not building for today—we are building for the future,” said Professor David Serwadda, reflecting on a decision that shaped the entire construction effort. “We need to build for the next 100 years.”

Professor David Serwadda, Professor Emeritus at Makerere University and Chair of the MakSPH Infrastructure Fundraising Committee, speaks at a public lecture on health financing for Uganda’s future, held on April 9, 2026. Construction of Phase II of the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Complex, Eastern Gate, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Professor David Serwadda, Professor Emeritus at Makerere University and Chair of the MakSPH Infrastructure Fundraising Committee, speaks at a public lecture on health financing for Uganda’s future, held on April 9, 2026.

That long view helps explain both the scale of the project and the risks taken to start it. When construction began, the School did not have the full funding. “We started with about a third of the required budget,” Serwadda said.

The approach was not without setbacks. A major grant from USAID, worth over a million dollars, was later withdrawn, midway through the construction, due to the closure of USAID. “We received what is called a ‘Dear John letter,’” he recalled. “At that moment, we felt the situation was a major blow, almost terminal for the project.”

But the project did not stop. It adjusted. “We said, let us continue, piecemeal,’” he said. “Finish the auditorium first, use it, and keep building the rest.”

“We have come a long way as the School of Public Health,” said Professor Rhoda Wanyenze, the Dean. “We are proud of that history, but we also recognize that it comes with responsibility.”

Professor Rhoda Wanyenze, Dean of the Makerere University School of Public Health, speaks at a public lecture on health financing for Uganda’s future, held on April 9, 2026. Construction of Phase II of the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Complex, Eastern Gate, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Professor Rhoda Wanyenze, Dean of the Makerere University School of Public Health, speaks at a public lecture on health financing for Uganda’s future, held on April 9, 2026.

She argued that responsibility is no longer confined to Uganda. With ongoing collaborative work in more than 25 African countries currently, the Dean says this is “a responsibility to provide leadership in public health not only in Uganda but across the continent.”

The scale of that growth has been visible from what was once a small training unit in the Faculty of Medicine in the 1950s, which has expanded into 12 academic programmes and more than 1,000 students.

“When I came back for my public health training, we were about 40 students,” she said. “Now, we have more than 1,000.” “Public health is growing and evolving,” Wanyenze said. “And we are doing our best to develop the skills needed for this changing landscape.”

That includes new areas such as health informatics and data science, driven by the digitisation of health systems and the growing role of data in decision-making and AI. The School is already coordinating regional platforms on digital health, linking multiple countries in shared learning and practice.

But this growth has outpaced the physical systems needed to sustain it. For the University leadership, the implications extend beyond infrastructure.

“One of the most effective ways to invest in health in Uganda is to invest properly in Makerere University,” said Vice Chancellor Barnabas Nawangwe. “We must recognize Makerere as a research-led university with a special national role—not fund it like any other institution or department. Makerere is one of the government’s greatest assets. Invest in her, and the returns will exceed expectations.”

Professor Nawangwe hailed Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, the Permanent Secretary to the Treasury, who delivered a keynote on investing in health for Uganda’s future in view of Vision 2040. “I wish to thank Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi and his team for their personal intervention in allocating resources in next year’s budget to complete the new School of Public Health building. That support is deeply appreciated,” he said.

Vice Chancellor Professor Barnabas Nawangwe speaks at a public lecture on health financing for Uganda’s future on April 9, 2026. Construction of Phase II of the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Complex, Eastern Gate, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Vice Chancellor Professor Barnabas Nawangwe speaks at a public lecture on health financing for Uganda’s future on April 9, 2026.

Uganda’s progress in health outcomes is evident, but uneven. Life expectancy has risen significantly from about 50 years in 2000 to roughly 68.8 years in 2024, according to the Permanent Secretary to the Treasury, Ramathan Ggoobi. Yet the gains sit alongside persistent financial strain on households. About 4% of Ugandans still spend more than a quarter of their consumption on healthcare, pushing many into poverty as a result of illness.

For Ggoobi, this points to a structural gap that recurrent government spending alone cannot close. “We must mobilise long-term domestic capital without adding fiscal risk,” he argued, pointing to the need for more sustainable financing mechanisms. Central to this is the gradual design and rollout of a national health insurance scheme. Evidence from countries such as Rwanda, Kenya, and Ghana suggests that well-structured contributory models can expand coverage while reducing catastrophic out-of-pocket spending.

Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi with Professors Serwadda, Wanyenze and Nawangwe. Construction of Phase II of the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Complex, Eastern Gate, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

“My Ministry and the School of Public Health must be partners. … Evidence framed in fiscal terms drives policy,” said Ggoobi, stressing the need for locally grounded solutions. “What works in Ghana might not work here. We need a model that fits Uganda.”

Uganda’s current macroeconomic conditions, relatively low inflation, currency stability, and expanding private credit may provide a window to move in that direction.

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Davidson Ndyabahika

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Health Is Not Charity: Inside Uganda’s Treasury Rethink on Financing

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The Chancellor-Hon. Dr. Crispus Kiyonga presents Makerere's Century Publication to Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi on 9th April 2026. Public lecture and high-level dialogue on health financing organised by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, Keynote: Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST, Theme “Investing in Health for Uganda’s Future: Delivering Vision 2040 through Smart and Sustainable Health Financing”, 9th April 2026, MakSPH Auditorium, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

Uganda’s health system is entering a new phase—one where the biggest challenge is no longer building it, but sustaining it. External funding is tightening. Domestic resources are under pressure. Demand for care is rising faster than both.

In this new reality, health is no longer just a social priority but a financing problem and a test of economic strategy.

For years, the system expanded on government investment, backed by strong external support.  Infrastructure grew. Services followed. But that model is now under strain. Expectations are rising. Citizens want better care, closer to where they live, and without the financial shock that so often comes with illness.

Uganda is already investing in health. The real question is whether that investment is sustainable and whether it is delivering value.

It was against this backdrop that policymakers, academics, and practitioners gathered at Makerere University on April 9 for a public lecture and high-level dialogue on health financing. At the centre of the discussion was a keynote by Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, the Permanent Secretary to the Treasury under the theme “Investing in Health for Uganda’s Future: Delivering Vision 2040 through Smart and Sustainable Health Financing.”

The event was organised by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development.

Dr. Ggoobi does not think about health the way most people in government do. He is not persuaded by the language of welfare. When he speaks about health, he reaches for the language of growth, productivity, and national wealth. In his view, the sector is not a cost centre. It is an economic engine.

Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, Permanent Secretary and Secretary to the Treasury, delivers his keynote address on health financing at Makerere University on Thursday. Public lecture and high-level dialogue on health financing organised by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, Keynote: Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST, Theme “Investing in Health for Uganda’s Future: Delivering Vision 2040 through Smart and Sustainable Health Financing”, 9th April 2026, MakSPH Auditorium, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, Permanent Secretary and Secretary to the Treasury, delivers his keynote address on health financing at Makerere University on Thursday.

Health is not merely a social sector issue. It is an economic transformation issue, a productivity issue, and a national competitiveness issue,” he said, arguing that no country has achieved sustained growth without investing in human capital. Globally, human capital accounts for nearly 70% of national wealth. The World Health Organization (2021) estimates that every dollar invested in health can return four to nine dollars in productivity gains.

Investment in health is not charity. It is growth finance. So, my first message is to treat health spending as an investment, not as consumption. Every shilling must buy measurable economic and social returns,” he emphases.

His views reveal a shift in how Uganda’s Treasury thinks about health financing. Spending must justify itself. Investments must deliver returns. And inefficiency is no longer just a technical issue but a fiscal problem.

Ggoobi’s worldview is shaped by the idea that Uganda’s long-term growth ambitions under Vision 2040, which is 13 years away, to achieve what he describes as a tenfold expansion to a $500 billion economy, will be decided not just by infrastructure or industry but by the quality of its human capital.

Globally, he notes, human capital accounts for the bulk of national wealth. Health, therefore, is not peripheral to development. It is central to it.

If health is an investment, then it must generate returns. If it does not, then something in the system is not working. “Every shilling must buy measurable economic and social returns,” he said.

Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST (C), was received by MakSPH Dean Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze and Prof. Emeritus David Serwadda ahead of his keynote address and visit to the new School of Public Health facilities. Public lecture and high-level dialogue on health financing organised by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, Keynote: Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST, Theme “Investing in Health for Uganda’s Future: Delivering Vision 2040 through Smart and Sustainable Health Financing”, 9th April 2026, MakSPH Auditorium, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST (C), was received by MakSPH Dean Prof. Rhoda Wanyenze and Prof. Emeritus David Serwadda ahead of his keynote address and visit to the new School of Public Health facilities.

This is where the optimism gives way to unease. Countries that have achieved and sustained middle-income status did so through deliberate, sustained, evidence-driven investments in human capital.

Uganda is working within tight fiscal limits. The national budget for 2025/26 stands at Shs 72.38 trillion, with about Shs 5.87 trillion going to health.

Government spending on health has increased over time, rising from about Shs 2.8 trillion a few years ago to Shs 4.4 trillion today. But even with this growth, spending per person is still low, around $50 a year, less than half of what is often needed to provide basic health services.

Not all the money is used efficiently. Global estimates suggest that weak systems, poor coordination, and procurement challenges can cause up to a third of health spending to be lost.



According to Dr. Ggoobi, Uganda has made notable progress in strengthening its health system, driven by sustained public investment. Life expectancy has risen from about 50 years in 2000 to approximately 68.8 years in 2024, an increase of over 18 years. Access to services has also improved significantly, with about 91 percent of Ugandans now living within five kilometres of a health facility, while income poverty has declined from 24.5 percent in 2010 to 16 percent.

On the service delivery side, the government has introduced the malaria vaccine for children under five and rolled out electronic medical records across national and regional referral hospitals. Strategic investments have also been made, including 16 high-capacity oxygen plants, three regional blood banks, CT scan equipment in 14 of 16 regional referral hospitals, and 20 digital X-ray machines in general hospitals, with remaining gaps expected to be closed in the next budget. Together, he noted, these efforts demonstrate that sustained investment in health is yielding tangible results.

Beneath that progress, Dr. Ggoobi sees a health financing structure that is fundamentally unstable, noting that external partners still finance as much as 40–45 percent of health expenditure. Government contributes about 22 percent, household’s 31 percent, and insurance remains marginal at less than five percent. This balance, Ggoobi argues, is dangerous. It leaves the system exposed to shocks from outside while pushing risk onto those least able to bear it.

But the issue that troubles him most is government inefficiency. His priorities are to increase and protect domestic health financing, mobilise long-term capital, and improve efficiency.

We are wasteful even with the little we have. Procurement is a major problem—many fights in government are not about mandate but about procurement. That is why we are moving all entities onto an electronic procurement system to improve transparency, reduce leakage, and ensure accountability,” said Dr. Ggoobi.

The government has enrolled 38 entities on the electronic procurement system. Full adoption is expected by mid-2026.

If you have good audits and we implement their recommendations, then we can expect positive outcomes. Number two is e-government, reducing human contact where it is not necessary. Unless you’re a doctor, you have to examine someone. Why do you have to sit in a hotel to discuss procurement? Humans must get out of discussing procurement. That’s why we are building the eGP and reviewing the procurement law. We are going back to the cabinet; we are going to remove human beings who are not necessary in the chain of procurement,” said Ggoobi.

Across the discussion, one issue drew near-unanimous agreement that prevention remains underfunded.

John Kauta, the Commissioner in charge of Health Information, Statistics, Monitoring, and Evaluation gives MoH reflections at the public lecture. Public lecture and high-level dialogue on health financing organised by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, Keynote: Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST, Theme “Investing in Health for Uganda’s Future: Delivering Vision 2040 through Smart and Sustainable Health Financing”, 9th April 2026, MakSPH Auditorium, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
John Kauta, the Commissioner in charge of Health Information, Statistics, Monitoring, and Evaluation gives MoH reflections at the public lecture.

The Ministry of Health’s position, delivered through John Kauta, the Commissioner in charge of Health Information, Statistics, Monitoring, and Evaluation, is unequivocal that “the cheapest disease to treat is the one we prevent.”

Yet Uganda still spends more on treating illness than preventing it. Freddie Ssengooba, a Professor of Health Economics and Health Systems Management, MakSPH, highlighted malaria as a case study, both costly and preventable, while others pointed to rising non-communicable diseases driven by lifestyle factors.

This imbalance has fiscal consequences. Preventable diseases generate recurrent costs, crowding out other investments and reinforcing the cycle of inefficiency.

Freddie Ssengooba, a Professor of Health Economics and Health Systems Management, MakSPH. Public lecture and high-level dialogue on health financing organised by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, Keynote: Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST, Theme “Investing in Health for Uganda’s Future: Delivering Vision 2040 through Smart and Sustainable Health Financing”, 9th April 2026, MakSPH Auditorium, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Freddie Ssengooba, a Professor of Health Economics and Health Systems Management, MakSPH.

Mak Chancellor Hon. Dr. Crispus Kiyonga pushed the debate toward geography and access, citing that while Uganda’s health system was originally designed to follow administrative structures, the ambition to reach every village was never fully realised.

We must plan based on what we can sustainably afford. We cannot import another country’s system. But where shall we save the majority of our people? It is in the villages. That is where children miss school due to illness. Where young girls drop out due to a lack of basic support, like pads. So, we must choose: given limited resources, what system gives the greatest impact? When the Minister of Health asks for a CT scan—something people travel to Nairobi for—that is important. But in the village, a child needs an antimalarial. The choice is between a CT scan and basic treatment. These are tough decisions,” says Dr. Kiyonga.

Mak Chancellor Hon. Dr. Crispus Kiyonga speaks during the public lecture on health financing for Uganda. Public lecture and high-level dialogue on health financing organised by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, Keynote: Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST, Theme “Investing in Health for Uganda’s Future: Delivering Vision 2040 through Smart and Sustainable Health Financing”, 9th April 2026, MakSPH Auditorium, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Mak Chancellor Hon. Dr. Crispus Kiyonga speaks during the public lecture on health financing for Uganda.

While the country is “highly indebted” and resources are limited, the level of care that Uganda can realistically provide to its citizens should borrow from China’s early pragmatic reforms of universal access first and quality later, according to the Chancellor.

You cannot deliver health from a distance,” he said, arguing for a renewed focus on community-level access.

The Chancellor also strongly supported a shift from tertiary care to primary care. From Mulago National Referral and reducing its congestion to the village by investing in lower health facilities.

He urged the government ministries of Finance and Health to strongly collaborate with academic institutions to improve their work. “This dialogue should not be a one-off. It must be continuous. Makerere must engage the government with well-costed, risk-weighted proposals. We should build structured collaboration between universities and government so that research informs policy, and we reduce reliance on expensive foreign consultants. There is valuable research here,” said Dr. Kiyonga.

Taken together, the dialogue revealed a country’s health system in transition, from scarcity to expansion but not yet to performance.

As Ms. Jane Kyarisiima Mwesiga, Deputy Head of Public Service (Service Delivery), Office of the Prime Minister, framed it, the next phase must move “from expansion to performance, from inputs to outcomes, from financing to public value.”

Ms. Jane Kyarisiima Mwesiga, Deputy Head of Public Service (Service Delivery), Office of the Prime Minister, delivers her opening remarks on public health financing in Uganda, emphasizing government commitment to improved service delivery, governance, and increased staffing. Public lecture and high-level dialogue on health financing organised by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, Keynote: Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST, Theme “Investing in Health for Uganda’s Future: Delivering Vision 2040 through Smart and Sustainable Health Financing”, 9th April 2026, MakSPH Auditorium, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Ms. Jane Kyarisiima Mwesiga, Deputy Head of Public Service (Service Delivery), Office of the Prime Minister, delivers her opening remarks on public health financing in Uganda, emphasizing government commitment to improved service delivery, governance, and increased staffing.

But the path forward remains contested. Should Uganda prioritise insurance or direct public provision? Prevention or specialised care? Infrastructure or functionality?

The answers lie not in choosing but in sequencing, something Uganda has historically struggled to do.

Dr. Ian Clarke, a Physician, philanthropist, entrepreneur, and Chairman of Clarke Group Companies, speaking while representing the Private Sector during the dialogue, spoke emotionally on national health insurance, whose discussion has been ongoing for close to 20 years, but with minimal progress.

Dr. Ian Clarke, speaks during the panel discussion. Public lecture and high-level dialogue on health financing organised by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, Keynote: Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST, Theme “Investing in Health for Uganda’s Future: Delivering Vision 2040 through Smart and Sustainable Health Financing”, 9th April 2026, MakSPH Auditorium, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Dr. Ian Clarke, speaks during the panel discussion.

We have had studies and proposals, but many were rightly rejected because they were not practical. You cannot design a National Health Insurance scheme that looks like private insurance. There is simply not enough money in Uganda—or anywhere—to sustain that. We still think in silos: public sector and private sector. Then we ask, how do we support the private sector? There are many ways—but as has been emphasized, we must focus on prevention and equity, especially in rural areas.”

For Ssengooba, while insurance is important and long-term, its implementation needs to be phased. He called for more investments in the health sector as the first line of insurance for citizens. He also called on the government to partner with institutions such as the National Social Security Fund (NSSF), which already have systems, capacity, and reach in place to support health investments. “If we leverage institutions like NSSF—for collection, for pooling resources—we can make progress. During COVID, they demonstrated that they can support national priorities. So, we should think about how to leverage what already exists,” he says.

Freddie Ssengooba, a Professor of Health Economics and Health Systems Management, MakSPH, (Left) speaks during the dialogue. Listening in, Dr. Ian Clarke, NSSF’s Omojong, and the Moderator, Prof. Elizabeth Ekirapa. Public lecture and high-level dialogue on health financing organised by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, Keynote: Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST, Theme “Investing in Health for Uganda’s Future: Delivering Vision 2040 through Smart and Sustainable Health Financing”, 9th April 2026, MakSPH Auditorium, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Freddie Ssengooba, a Professor of Health Economics and Health Systems Management, MakSPH, (Left) speaks during the dialogue. Listening in, Dr. Ian Clarke, NSSF’s Omojong, and the Moderator, Prof. Elizabeth Ekirapa.

Stephen Omojong of the National Social Security Fund highlighted an untapped opportunity. The Fund currently manages about Shs 30 trillion in assets, with millions of contributors.

This pool, he argued, could support health financing either through insurance-linked products or long-term investment vehicles. His example of a voluntary savings scheme now has 68,000 participants and Shs. 114 billion mobilised in a year, suggesting that behavioural barriers may be less rigid than often assumed.

Stephen Omojong, Research & Product Development Manager, National Social Security Fund (NSSF) Uganda. Public lecture and high-level dialogue on health financing organised by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, Keynote: Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST, Theme “Investing in Health for Uganda’s Future: Delivering Vision 2040 through Smart and Sustainable Health Financing”, 9th April 2026, MakSPH Auditorium, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Stephen Omojong, Research & Product Development Manager, National Social Security Fund (NSSF) Uganda.

Makerere University Vice Chancellor, Professor Barnabas Nawangwe, framed the dialogue as more than an academic exercise, describing it as a call to action. He urged the government to tap into the University’s research capacity to inform strategic investments, noting that “health research constitutes more than 50% of all research at Makerere University,” with institutions like the School of Public Health and the Infectious Diseases Institute playing a central role.

Makerere University Vice Chancellor, Professor Barnabas Nawangwe, speaking at the Public Lecture. Public lecture and high-level dialogue on health financing organised by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, Keynote: Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST, Theme “Investing in Health for Uganda’s Future: Delivering Vision 2040 through Smart and Sustainable Health Financing”, 9th April 2026, MakSPH Auditorium, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.
Makerere University Vice Chancellor, Professor Barnabas Nawangwe, speaking at the Public Lecture.

He referred to their national impact—from supporting over 20% of Uganda’s HIV patients to operating in more than 90 districts—and emphasised that Makerere brings in over one trillion shillings annually in research income. “When you fund Makerere University,” he said, “you should understand that we are not a net consumer—we are a net producer for the country.

Taken together, the dialogue revealed a system in transition from expansion to performance, from spending to results. Uganda is no longer short of ideas, nor entirely short of resources. The real test is execution.

Whether the country can turn health spending into measurable outcomes will determine not just the future of its health system but the credibility of its economic ambitions.

Public lecture and high-level dialogue on health financing organised by Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, Keynote: Dr. Ramathan Ggoobi, PSST, Theme “Investing in Health for Uganda’s Future: Delivering Vision 2040 through Smart and Sustainable Health Financing”, 9th April 2026, MakSPH Auditorium, Main Campus, Kampala Uganda, East Africa.

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Davidson Ndyabahika

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